You say that version 12 gives incorrect formatting as well. What's the expected output for you?

With 12.0.1, I get:

void foo() {
    const char* formats[]  = {"%",
                             "%%",  // some comment
                             "%+-?4.5d"
                             "%#-4.3%f",
                             "%15.a6e"};
    const int   numFormats = sizeof(formats) / sizeof(char*);
}

Notice the 2nd through 5th items in the formats array are shifted left by one. If we remove the Align* items from the _clang-format file, we get the expected alignment with both 12.0.1 and 13.0.0. Thus, the Align* items in the _clang-format are causing one space back-shifting in 12.0.1 and one or two space back-shifting for 13.0.0 for the 2nd though 5th items in the formats array.

Here's the expected result (and what we get if we remove the Align* items from _clang-format):

void foo() {
    const char* formats[] = {"%",
                             "%%",  // some comment
                             "%+-?4.5d"
                             "%#-4.3%f",
                             "%15.a6e"};
    const int numFormats = sizeof(formats) / sizeof(char*);
}

Minimal reproduce:

char *a[]  = {"a", // comment
             "c"};
int   bbbb = 0;

with .clang-format:

BasedOnStyle: LLVM
AlignConsecutiveAssignments: Consecutive
AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: Consecutive

The bug doesn't happen when only one of Align* options is used.
It happens (2nd and following strings literals are shifted to the left), when the 2nd identifier (bbbb) is longer than the first one (including brackets, a[] here).

Review: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116527.

is the missing comma after the "%+-?4.5d" deliberate?

is the missing comma after the "%+-?4.5d" deliberate?

I have noticed it as well, but it doesn't change anything to the fact that the quotes are not aligned to the quote on the first line.

The missing comma was an accident, but the quotes should still align