LLVM 19.0.0git
Trace.cpp
Go to the documentation of this file.
1//===- Trace.cpp - XRay Trace Loading implementation. ---------------------===//
2//
3// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6//
7//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8//
9// XRay log reader implementation.
10//
11//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
12#include "llvm/XRay/Trace.h"
13#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
15#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
25#include <memory>
26#include <vector>
27
28using namespace llvm;
29using namespace llvm::xray;
30using llvm::yaml::Input;
31
32namespace {
33
34Error loadNaiveFormatLog(StringRef Data, bool IsLittleEndian,
35 XRayFileHeader &FileHeader,
36 std::vector<XRayRecord> &Records) {
37 if (Data.size() < 32)
38 return make_error<StringError>(
39 "Not enough bytes for an XRay log.",
40 std::make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument));
41
42 if (Data.size() - 32 == 0 || Data.size() % 32 != 0)
43 return make_error<StringError>(
44 "Invalid-sized XRay data.",
45 std::make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument));
46
47 DataExtractor Reader(Data, IsLittleEndian, 8);
48 uint64_t OffsetPtr = 0;
49 auto FileHeaderOrError = readBinaryFormatHeader(Reader, OffsetPtr);
50 if (!FileHeaderOrError)
51 return FileHeaderOrError.takeError();
52 FileHeader = std::move(FileHeaderOrError.get());
53
54 size_t NumReservations = llvm::divideCeil(Reader.size() - OffsetPtr, 32U);
55 Records.reserve(NumReservations);
56
57 // Each record after the header will be 32 bytes, in the following format:
58 //
59 // (2) uint16 : record type
60 // (1) uint8 : cpu id
61 // (1) uint8 : type
62 // (4) sint32 : function id
63 // (8) uint64 : tsc
64 // (4) uint32 : thread id
65 // (4) uint32 : process id
66 // (8) - : padding
67 while (Reader.isValidOffset(OffsetPtr)) {
68 if (!Reader.isValidOffsetForDataOfSize(OffsetPtr, 32))
69 return createStringError(
70 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
71 "Not enough bytes to read a full record at offset %" PRId64 ".",
72 OffsetPtr);
73 auto PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
74 auto RecordType = Reader.getU16(&OffsetPtr);
75 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
76 return createStringError(
77 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
78 "Failed reading record type at offset %" PRId64 ".", OffsetPtr);
79
80 switch (RecordType) {
81 case 0: { // Normal records.
82 Records.emplace_back();
83 auto &Record = Records.back();
84 Record.RecordType = RecordType;
85
86 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
87 Record.CPU = Reader.getU8(&OffsetPtr);
88 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
89 return createStringError(
90 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
91 "Failed reading CPU field at offset %" PRId64 ".", OffsetPtr);
92
93 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
94 auto Type = Reader.getU8(&OffsetPtr);
95 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
96 return createStringError(
97 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
98 "Failed reading record type field at offset %" PRId64 ".",
99 OffsetPtr);
100
101 switch (Type) {
102 case 0:
103 Record.Type = RecordTypes::ENTER;
104 break;
105 case 1:
106 Record.Type = RecordTypes::EXIT;
107 break;
108 case 2:
109 Record.Type = RecordTypes::TAIL_EXIT;
110 break;
111 case 3:
112 Record.Type = RecordTypes::ENTER_ARG;
113 break;
114 default:
115 return createStringError(
116 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
117 "Unknown record type '%d' at offset %" PRId64 ".", Type, OffsetPtr);
118 }
119
120 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
121 Record.FuncId = Reader.getSigned(&OffsetPtr, sizeof(int32_t));
122 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
123 return createStringError(
124 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
125 "Failed reading function id field at offset %" PRId64 ".",
126 OffsetPtr);
127
128 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
129 Record.TSC = Reader.getU64(&OffsetPtr);
130 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
131 return createStringError(
132 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
133 "Failed reading TSC field at offset %" PRId64 ".", OffsetPtr);
134
135 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
136 Record.TId = Reader.getU32(&OffsetPtr);
137 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
138 return createStringError(
139 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
140 "Failed reading thread id field at offset %" PRId64 ".", OffsetPtr);
141
142 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
143 Record.PId = Reader.getU32(&OffsetPtr);
144 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
145 return createStringError(
146 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
147 "Failed reading process id at offset %" PRId64 ".", OffsetPtr);
148
149 break;
150 }
151 case 1: { // Arg payload record.
152 auto &Record = Records.back();
153
154 // We skip the next two bytes of the record, because we don't need the
155 // type and the CPU record for arg payloads.
156 OffsetPtr += 2;
157 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
158 int32_t FuncId = Reader.getSigned(&OffsetPtr, sizeof(int32_t));
159 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
160 return createStringError(
161 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
162 "Failed reading function id field at offset %" PRId64 ".",
163 OffsetPtr);
164
165 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
166 auto TId = Reader.getU32(&OffsetPtr);
167 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
168 return createStringError(
169 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
170 "Failed reading thread id field at offset %" PRId64 ".", OffsetPtr);
171
172 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
173 auto PId = Reader.getU32(&OffsetPtr);
174 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
175 return createStringError(
176 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
177 "Failed reading process id field at offset %" PRId64 ".",
178 OffsetPtr);
179
180 // Make a check for versions above 3 for the Pid field
181 if (Record.FuncId != FuncId || Record.TId != TId ||
182 (FileHeader.Version >= 3 ? Record.PId != PId : false))
183 return createStringError(
184 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
185 "Corrupted log, found arg payload following non-matching "
186 "function+thread record. Record for function %d != %d at offset "
187 "%" PRId64 ".",
188 Record.FuncId, FuncId, OffsetPtr);
189
190 PreReadOffset = OffsetPtr;
191 auto Arg = Reader.getU64(&OffsetPtr);
192 if (OffsetPtr == PreReadOffset)
193 return createStringError(
194 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
195 "Failed reading argument payload at offset %" PRId64 ".",
196 OffsetPtr);
197
198 Record.CallArgs.push_back(Arg);
199 break;
200 }
201 default:
202 return createStringError(
203 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error),
204 "Unknown record type '%d' at offset %" PRId64 ".", RecordType,
205 OffsetPtr);
206 }
207 // Advance the offset pointer enough bytes to align to 32-byte records for
208 // basic mode logs.
209 OffsetPtr += 8;
210 }
211 return Error::success();
212}
213
214/// Reads a log in FDR mode for version 1 of this binary format. FDR mode is
215/// defined as part of the compiler-rt project in xray_fdr_logging.h, and such
216/// a log consists of the familiar 32 bit XRayHeader, followed by sequences of
217/// of interspersed 16 byte Metadata Records and 8 byte Function Records.
218///
219/// The following is an attempt to document the grammar of the format, which is
220/// parsed by this function for little-endian machines. Since the format makes
221/// use of BitFields, when we support big-endian architectures, we will need to
222/// adjust not only the endianness parameter to llvm's RecordExtractor, but also
223/// the bit twiddling logic, which is consistent with the little-endian
224/// convention that BitFields within a struct will first be packed into the
225/// least significant bits the address they belong to.
226///
227/// We expect a format complying with the grammar in the following pseudo-EBNF
228/// in Version 1 of the FDR log.
229///
230/// FDRLog: XRayFileHeader ThreadBuffer*
231/// XRayFileHeader: 32 bytes to identify the log as FDR with machine metadata.
232/// Includes BufferSize
233/// ThreadBuffer: NewBuffer WallClockTime NewCPUId FunctionSequence EOB
234/// BufSize: 8 byte unsigned integer indicating how large the buffer is.
235/// NewBuffer: 16 byte metadata record with Thread Id.
236/// WallClockTime: 16 byte metadata record with human readable time.
237/// Pid: 16 byte metadata record with Pid
238/// NewCPUId: 16 byte metadata record with CPUId and a 64 bit TSC reading.
239/// EOB: 16 byte record in a thread buffer plus mem garbage to fill BufSize.
240/// FunctionSequence: NewCPUId | TSCWrap | FunctionRecord
241/// TSCWrap: 16 byte metadata record with a full 64 bit TSC reading.
242/// FunctionRecord: 8 byte record with FunctionId, entry/exit, and TSC delta.
243///
244/// In Version 2, we make the following changes:
245///
246/// ThreadBuffer: BufferExtents NewBuffer WallClockTime NewCPUId
247/// FunctionSequence
248/// BufferExtents: 16 byte metdata record describing how many usable bytes are
249/// in the buffer. This is measured from the start of the buffer
250/// and must always be at least 48 (bytes).
251///
252/// In Version 3, we make the following changes:
253///
254/// ThreadBuffer: BufferExtents NewBuffer WallClockTime Pid NewCPUId
255/// FunctionSequence
256/// EOB: *deprecated*
257///
258/// In Version 4, we make the following changes:
259///
260/// CustomEventRecord now includes the CPU data.
261///
262/// In Version 5, we make the following changes:
263///
264/// CustomEventRecord and TypedEventRecord now use TSC delta encoding similar to
265/// what FunctionRecord instances use, and we no longer need to include the CPU
266/// id in the CustomEventRecord.
267///
268Error loadFDRLog(StringRef Data, bool IsLittleEndian,
269 XRayFileHeader &FileHeader, std::vector<XRayRecord> &Records) {
270
271 if (Data.size() < 32)
272 return createStringError(std::make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument),
273 "Not enough bytes for an XRay FDR log.");
274 DataExtractor DE(Data, IsLittleEndian, 8);
275
276 uint64_t OffsetPtr = 0;
277 auto FileHeaderOrError = readBinaryFormatHeader(DE, OffsetPtr);
278 if (!FileHeaderOrError)
279 return FileHeaderOrError.takeError();
280 FileHeader = std::move(FileHeaderOrError.get());
281
282 // First we load the records into memory.
283 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Record>> FDRRecords;
284
285 {
286 FileBasedRecordProducer P(FileHeader, DE, OffsetPtr);
287 LogBuilderConsumer C(FDRRecords);
288 while (DE.isValidOffsetForDataOfSize(OffsetPtr, 1)) {
289 auto R = P.produce();
290 if (!R)
291 return R.takeError();
292 if (auto E = C.consume(std::move(R.get())))
293 return E;
294 }
295 }
296
297 // Next we index the records into blocks.
299 {
300 BlockIndexer Indexer(Index);
301 for (auto &R : FDRRecords)
302 if (auto E = R->apply(Indexer))
303 return E;
304 if (auto E = Indexer.flush())
305 return E;
306 }
307
308 // Then we verify the consistency of the blocks.
309 {
310 for (auto &PTB : Index) {
311 auto &Blocks = PTB.second;
312 for (auto &B : Blocks) {
314 for (auto *R : B.Records)
315 if (auto E = R->apply(Verifier))
316 return E;
317 if (auto E = Verifier.verify())
318 return E;
319 }
320 }
321 }
322
323 // This is now the meat of the algorithm. Here we sort the blocks according to
324 // the Walltime record in each of the blocks for the same thread. This allows
325 // us to more consistently recreate the execution trace in temporal order.
326 // After the sort, we then reconstitute `Trace` records using a stateful
327 // visitor associated with a single process+thread pair.
328 {
329 for (auto &PTB : Index) {
330 auto &Blocks = PTB.second;
332 const BlockIndexer::Block &R) {
333 return (L.WallclockTime->seconds() < R.WallclockTime->seconds() &&
334 L.WallclockTime->nanos() < R.WallclockTime->nanos());
335 });
336 auto Adder = [&](const XRayRecord &R) { Records.push_back(R); };
337 TraceExpander Expander(Adder, FileHeader.Version);
338 for (auto &B : Blocks) {
339 for (auto *R : B.Records)
340 if (auto E = R->apply(Expander))
341 return E;
342 }
343 if (auto E = Expander.flush())
344 return E;
345 }
346 }
347
348 return Error::success();
349}
350
351Error loadYAMLLog(StringRef Data, XRayFileHeader &FileHeader,
352 std::vector<XRayRecord> &Records) {
354 Input In(Data);
355 In >> Trace;
356 if (In.error())
357 return make_error<StringError>("Failed loading YAML Data.", In.error());
358
359 FileHeader.Version = Trace.Header.Version;
360 FileHeader.Type = Trace.Header.Type;
361 FileHeader.ConstantTSC = Trace.Header.ConstantTSC;
362 FileHeader.NonstopTSC = Trace.Header.NonstopTSC;
363 FileHeader.CycleFrequency = Trace.Header.CycleFrequency;
364
365 if (FileHeader.Version != 1)
366 return make_error<StringError>(
367 Twine("Unsupported XRay file version: ") + Twine(FileHeader.Version),
368 std::make_error_code(std::errc::invalid_argument));
369
370 Records.clear();
371 std::transform(Trace.Records.begin(), Trace.Records.end(),
372 std::back_inserter(Records), [&](const YAMLXRayRecord &R) {
373 return XRayRecord{R.RecordType, R.CPU, R.Type,
374 R.FuncId, R.TSC, R.TId,
375 R.PId, R.CallArgs, R.Data};
376 });
377 return Error::success();
378}
379} // namespace
380
383 if (!FdOrErr)
384 return FdOrErr.takeError();
385
386 uint64_t FileSize;
387 if (auto EC = sys::fs::file_size(Filename, FileSize)) {
388 return make_error<StringError>(
389 Twine("Cannot read log from '") + Filename + "'", EC);
390 }
391 if (FileSize < 4) {
392 return make_error<StringError>(
393 Twine("File '") + Filename + "' too small for XRay.",
394 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error));
395 }
396
397 // Map the opened file into memory and use a StringRef to access it later.
398 std::error_code EC;
400 *FdOrErr, sys::fs::mapped_file_region::mapmode::readonly, FileSize, 0,
401 EC);
402 sys::fs::closeFile(*FdOrErr);
403 if (EC) {
404 return make_error<StringError>(
405 Twine("Cannot read log from '") + Filename + "'", EC);
406 }
407 auto Data = StringRef(MappedFile.data(), MappedFile.size());
408
409 // TODO: Lift the endianness and implementation selection here.
410 DataExtractor LittleEndianDE(Data, true, 8);
411 auto TraceOrError = loadTrace(LittleEndianDE, Sort);
412 if (!TraceOrError) {
413 DataExtractor BigEndianDE(Data, false, 8);
414 consumeError(TraceOrError.takeError());
415 TraceOrError = loadTrace(BigEndianDE, Sort);
416 }
417 return TraceOrError;
418}
419
421 // Attempt to detect the file type using file magic. We have a slight bias
422 // towards the binary format, and we do this by making sure that the first 4
423 // bytes of the binary file is some combination of the following byte
424 // patterns: (observe the code loading them assumes they're little endian)
425 //
426 // 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 - version 1, "naive" format
427 // 0x01 0x00 0x01 0x00 - version 1, "flight data recorder" format
428 // 0x02 0x00 0x01 0x00 - version 2, "flight data recorder" format
429 //
430 // YAML files don't typically have those first four bytes as valid text so we
431 // try loading assuming YAML if we don't find these bytes.
432 //
433 // Only if we can't load either the binary or the YAML format will we yield an
434 // error.
435 DataExtractor HeaderExtractor(DE.getData(), DE.isLittleEndian(), 8);
436 uint64_t OffsetPtr = 0;
437 uint16_t Version = HeaderExtractor.getU16(&OffsetPtr);
438 uint16_t Type = HeaderExtractor.getU16(&OffsetPtr);
439
440 enum BinaryFormatType { NAIVE_FORMAT = 0, FLIGHT_DATA_RECORDER_FORMAT = 1 };
441
442 Trace T;
443 switch (Type) {
444 case NAIVE_FORMAT:
445 if (Version == 1 || Version == 2 || Version == 3) {
446 if (auto E = loadNaiveFormatLog(DE.getData(), DE.isLittleEndian(),
447 T.FileHeader, T.Records))
448 return std::move(E);
449 } else {
450 return make_error<StringError>(
451 Twine("Unsupported version for Basic/Naive Mode logging: ") +
452 Twine(Version),
453 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error));
454 }
455 break;
456 case FLIGHT_DATA_RECORDER_FORMAT:
457 if (Version >= 1 && Version <= 5) {
458 if (auto E = loadFDRLog(DE.getData(), DE.isLittleEndian(), T.FileHeader,
459 T.Records))
460 return std::move(E);
461 } else {
462 return make_error<StringError>(
463 Twine("Unsupported version for FDR Mode logging: ") + Twine(Version),
464 std::make_error_code(std::errc::executable_format_error));
465 }
466 break;
467 default:
468 if (auto E = loadYAMLLog(DE.getData(), T.FileHeader, T.Records))
469 return std::move(E);
470 }
471
472 if (Sort)
473 llvm::stable_sort(T.Records, [&](const XRayRecord &L, const XRayRecord &R) {
474 return L.TSC < R.TSC;
475 });
476
477 return std::move(T);
478}
static GCRegistry::Add< OcamlGC > B("ocaml", "ocaml 3.10-compatible GC")
DenseMap< Block *, BlockRelaxAux > Blocks
Definition: ELF_riscv.cpp:507
#define P(N)
Profile::FuncID FuncId
Definition: Profile.cpp:321
This file contains some templates that are useful if you are working with the STL at all.
verify safepoint Safepoint IR Verifier
FunctionLoweringInfo::StatepointRelocationRecord RecordType
StringRef getData() const
Get the data pointed to by this extractor.
Definition: DataExtractor.h:95
uint16_t getU16(uint64_t *offset_ptr, Error *Err=nullptr) const
Extract a uint16_t value from *offset_ptr.
bool isLittleEndian() const
Get the endianness for this extractor.
Definition: DataExtractor.h:97
Lightweight error class with error context and mandatory checking.
Definition: Error.h:160
static ErrorSuccess success()
Create a success value.
Definition: Error.h:334
Tagged union holding either a T or a Error.
Definition: Error.h:474
Error takeError()
Take ownership of the stored error.
Definition: Error.h:601
StringRef - Represent a constant reference to a string, i.e.
Definition: StringRef.h:50
iterator begin()
Definition: Trace.h:85
iterator end()
Definition: Trace.h:87
Twine - A lightweight data structure for efficiently representing the concatenation of temporary valu...
Definition: Twine.h:81
The instances of the Type class are immutable: once they are created, they are never changed.
Definition: Type.h:45
This class represents a memory mapped file.
Definition: FileSystem.h:1267
A Trace object represents the records that have been loaded from XRay log files generated by instrume...
Definition: Trace.h:46
@ C
The default llvm calling convention, compatible with C.
Definition: CallingConv.h:34
llvm::SmallVector< std::shared_ptr< RecordsSlice >, 4 > Records
Definition: RecordsSlice.h:197
std::error_code closeFile(file_t &F)
Close the file object.
Expected< file_t > openNativeFileForRead(const Twine &Name, OpenFlags Flags=OF_None, SmallVectorImpl< char > *RealPath=nullptr)
Opens the file with the given name in a read-only mode, returning its open file descriptor.
std::error_code file_size(const Twine &Path, uint64_t &Result)
Get file size.
Definition: FileSystem.h:689
Expected< Trace > loadTrace(const DataExtractor &Extractor, bool Sort=false)
This function will attempt to load XRay trace records from the provided DataExtractor.
Definition: Trace.cpp:420
Expected< XRayFileHeader > readBinaryFormatHeader(DataExtractor &HeaderExtractor, uint64_t &OffsetPtr)
Convenience function for loading the file header given a data extractor at a specified offset.
Expected< Trace > loadTraceFile(StringRef Filename, bool Sort=false)
This function will attempt to load XRay trace records from the provided |Filename|.
Definition: Trace.cpp:381
This is an optimization pass for GlobalISel generic memory operations.
Definition: AddressRanges.h:18
void stable_sort(R &&Range)
Definition: STLExtras.h:2004
uint64_t divideCeil(uint64_t Numerator, uint64_t Denominator)
Returns the integer ceil(Numerator / Denominator).
Definition: MathExtras.h:417
Error createStringError(std::error_code EC, char const *Fmt, const Ts &... Vals)
Create formatted StringError object.
Definition: Error.h:1258
void sort(IteratorTy Start, IteratorTy End)
Definition: STLExtras.h:1656
void consumeError(Error Err)
Consume a Error without doing anything.
Definition: Error.h:1041
Helper object to track which of three possible relocation mechanisms are used for a particular value ...
XRay traces all have a header providing some top-matter information useful to help tools determine ho...
Definition: XRayRecord.h:27
bool ConstantTSC
Whether the CPU that produced the timestamp counters (TSC) move at a constant rate.
Definition: XRayRecord.h:37
uint16_t Type
A numeric identifier for the type of file this is.
Definition: XRayRecord.h:33
uint64_t CycleFrequency
The number of cycles per second for the CPU that produced the timestamp counter (TSC) values.
Definition: XRayRecord.h:45
bool NonstopTSC
Whether the CPU that produced the timestamp counters (TSC) do not stop.
Definition: XRayRecord.h:40
uint16_t Version
Version of the XRay implementation that produced this file.
Definition: XRayRecord.h:29
An XRayRecord is the denormalized view of data associated in a trace.
Definition: XRayRecord.h:69