For some reason the typical GNU libraries don't provide this builtin, but libclang_rt.builtins-x86_64.a does. This means that the user must manually link the libclang builtins to get UBSAN to work. The missing builtin is required when doing 128-bit integer multiplication in filesystem. I'm filing this bug as a reminder to fix this.
I removed usages of __int128_t in r283712, which fixes this bug.
We once again use __int128_t in filesystem, so this bug has cropped up again. I think as a temporary fix, libc++ can crib the mul0ti4 implementation from compiler-rt and compile it into filesystem manually. I'll look into more involved fixes as well.