Extended Description

This issue was found while trying to link ghc (Haskell compiler) with lld, and reported in FreeBSD bug 226872 https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=226872. lld-linked Haskell binaries crash FreeBSD's rtld as the phdr includes a PT_NOTE segment at VirtAddr = 0

% readelf -lW HsColour

Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x22a000
There are 11 program headers, starting at offset 64

Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
PHDR 0x000040 0x0000000000200040 0x0000000000200040 0x000268 0x000268 R 0x8
INTERP 0x0002a8 0x00000000002002a8 0x00000000002002a8 0x000015 0x000015 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /libexec/ld-elf.so.1]
LOAD 0x000000 0x0000000000200000 0x0000000000200000 0x029aa0 0x029aa0 R 0x1000
LOAD 0x02a000 0x000000000022a000 0x000000000022a000 0x12f390 0x12f390 R E 0x1000
LOAD 0x15a000 0x000000000035a000 0x000000000035a000 0x01ae68 0x027a6c RW 0x1000
DYNAMIC 0x174cb0 0x0000000000374cb0 0x0000000000374cb0 0x0001b0 0x0001b0 RW 0x8
GNU_RELRO 0x16f000 0x000000000036f000 0x000000000036f000 0x005e68 0x007000 R 0x1
GNU_EH_FRAME 0x0234b0 0x00000000002234b0 0x00000000002234b0 0x00111c 0x00111c R 0x1
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x000000 0x000000 RW 0
NOTE 0x0002c0 0x00000000002002c0 0x00000000002002c0 0x000030 0x000030 R 0x4
NOTE 0x342dcc 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x000c40 0x000c40 R 0x4
...

% readelf -SW HsColour
There are 44 section headers, starting at offset 0x3c4aa0:

Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
...
[ 2] .note.tag NOTE 00000000002002c0 0002c0 000030 00 A 0 0 4
...
[39] .debug-ghc-link-i NOTE 0000000000000000 342dcc 000c40 00 0 0 4
...

Observe that the section headers show the second note section is not SHF_ALLOC.

When linking with ld.bfd we still have the two NOTE sections, one SHF_ALLOC and one not:

% readelf -SW HsColour
There are 43 section headers, starting at offset 0x3c1ec0:

Section Headers:
[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al
...
[ 2] .note.tag NOTE 0000000000400218 000218 000030 00 A 0 0 4
...
[39] .debug-ghc-link-i NOTE 0000000000000000 33de1c 000c40 00 0 0 4
...

but ld.bfd omits the PT_NOTE phdr for the non-alloc note:

% readelf -lW HsColour

Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x4050a0
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 64

Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
PHDR 0x000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040 0x0001c0 0x0001c0 R 0x8
INTERP 0x000200 0x0000000000400200 0x0000000000400200 0x000015 0x000015 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /libexec/ld-elf.so.1]
LOAD 0x000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000 0x157fa8 0x157fa8 R E 0x200000
LOAD 0x158000 0x0000000000758000 0x0000000000758000 0x01bec8 0x027990 RW 0x200000
DYNAMIC 0x15ed30 0x000000000075ed30 0x000000000075ed30 0x000200 0x000200 RW 0x8
NOTE 0x000218 0x0000000000400218 0x0000000000400218 0x000030 0x000030 R 0x4
GNU_EH_FRAME 0x151f80 0x0000000000551f80 0x0000000000551f80 0x001124 0x001124 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x000000 0x000000 RWE 0x10

Versions:
% ld.bfd --version
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.30
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
% ld.lld --version
LLD 6.0.0 (FreeBSD 326565-1200001) (compatible with GNU linkers)