SimplifyIndVar.cpp

Go to the documentation of this file.

//===-- SimplifyIndVar.cpp - Induction variable simplification ------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements induction variable simplification. It does
// not define any actual pass or policy, but provides a single function to
// simplify a loop's induction variables based on ScalarEvolution.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#define DEBUG_TYPE "indvars"

#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/SimplifyIndVar.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/IVUsers.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/LoopPass.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolutionExpressions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"

using namespace llvm;

STATISTIC(NumElimIdentity, "Number of IV identities eliminated");
STATISTIC(NumElimOperand,  "Number of IV operands folded into a use");
STATISTIC(NumElimRem     , "Number of IV remainder operations eliminated");
STATISTIC(NumElimCmp     , "Number of IV comparisons eliminated");

namespace {
  /// SimplifyIndvar - This is a utility for simplifying induction variables
  /// based on ScalarEvolution. It is the primary instrument of the
  /// IndvarSimplify pass, but it may also be directly invoked to cleanup after
  /// other loop passes that preserve SCEV.
  class SimplifyIndvar {
    Loop             *L;
    LoopInfo         *LI;
    ScalarEvolution  *SE;
    const DataLayout *TD; // May be NULL

    SmallVectorImpl<WeakVH> &DeadInsts;

    bool Changed;

  public:
    SimplifyIndvar(Loop *Loop, ScalarEvolution *SE, LPPassManager *LPM,
                   SmallVectorImpl<WeakVH> &Dead, IVUsers *IVU = NULL) :
      L(Loop),
      LI(LPM->getAnalysisIfAvailable<LoopInfo>()),
      SE(SE),
      TD(LPM->getAnalysisIfAvailable<DataLayout>()),
      DeadInsts(Dead),
      Changed(false) {
      assert(LI && "IV simplification requires LoopInfo");
    }

    bool hasChanged() const { return Changed; }

    /// Iteratively perform simplification on a worklist of users of the
    /// specified induction variable. This is the top-level driver that applies
    /// all simplicitions to users of an IV.
    void simplifyUsers(PHINode *CurrIV, IVVisitor *V = NULL);

    Value *foldIVUser(Instruction *UseInst, Instruction *IVOperand);

    bool eliminateIVUser(Instruction *UseInst, Instruction *IVOperand);
    void eliminateIVComparison(ICmpInst *ICmp, Value *IVOperand);
    void eliminateIVRemainder(BinaryOperator *Rem, Value *IVOperand,
                              bool IsSigned);
  };
}

/// foldIVUser - Fold an IV operand into its use.  This removes increments of an
/// aligned IV when used by a instruction that ignores the low bits.
///
/// IVOperand is guaranteed SCEVable, but UseInst may not be.
///
/// Return the operand of IVOperand for this induction variable if IVOperand can
/// be folded (in case more folding opportunities have been exposed).
/// Otherwise return null.
Value *SimplifyIndvar::foldIVUser(Instruction *UseInst, Instruction *IVOperand) {
  Value *IVSrc = 0;
  unsigned OperIdx = 0;
  const SCEV *FoldedExpr = 0;
  switch (UseInst->getOpcode()) {
  default:
    return 0;
  case Instruction::UDiv:
  case Instruction::LShr:
    // We're only interested in the case where we know something about
    // the numerator and have a constant denominator.
    if (IVOperand != UseInst->getOperand(OperIdx) ||
        !isa<ConstantInt>(UseInst->getOperand(1)))
      return 0;

    // Attempt to fold a binary operator with constant operand.
    // e.g. ((I + 1) >> 2) => I >> 2
    if (!isa<BinaryOperator>(IVOperand)
        || !isa<ConstantInt>(IVOperand->getOperand(1)))
      return 0;

    IVSrc = IVOperand->getOperand(0);
    // IVSrc must be the (SCEVable) IV, since the other operand is const.
    assert(SE->isSCEVable(IVSrc->getType()) && "Expect SCEVable IV operand");

    ConstantInt *D = cast<ConstantInt>(UseInst->getOperand(1));
    if (UseInst->getOpcode() == Instruction::LShr) {
      // Get a constant for the divisor. See createSCEV.
      uint32_t BitWidth = cast<IntegerType>(UseInst->getType())->getBitWidth();
      if (D->getValue().uge(BitWidth))
        return 0;

      D = ConstantInt::get(UseInst->getContext(),
                           APInt(BitWidth, 1).shl(D->getZExtValue()));
    }
    FoldedExpr = SE->getUDivExpr(SE->getSCEV(IVSrc), SE->getSCEV(D));
  }
  // We have something that might fold it's operand. Compare SCEVs.
  if (!SE->isSCEVable(UseInst->getType()))
    return 0;

  // Bypass the operand if SCEV can prove it has no effect.
  if (SE->getSCEV(UseInst) != FoldedExpr)
    return 0;

  DEBUG(dbgs() << "INDVARS: Eliminated IV operand: " << *IVOperand
        << " -> " << *UseInst << '\n');

  UseInst->setOperand(OperIdx, IVSrc);
  assert(SE->getSCEV(UseInst) == FoldedExpr && "bad SCEV with folded oper");

  ++NumElimOperand;
  Changed = true;
  if (IVOperand->use_empty())
    DeadInsts.push_back(IVOperand);
  return IVSrc;
}

/// eliminateIVComparison - SimplifyIVUsers helper for eliminating useless
/// comparisons against an induction variable.
void SimplifyIndvar::eliminateIVComparison(ICmpInst *ICmp, Value *IVOperand) {
  unsigned IVOperIdx = 0;
  ICmpInst::Predicate Pred = ICmp->getPredicate();
  if (IVOperand != ICmp->getOperand(0)) {
    // Swapped
    assert(IVOperand == ICmp->getOperand(1) && "Can't find IVOperand");
    IVOperIdx = 1;
    Pred = ICmpInst::getSwappedPredicate(Pred);
  }

  // Get the SCEVs for the ICmp operands.
  const SCEV *S = SE->getSCEV(ICmp->getOperand(IVOperIdx));
  const SCEV *X = SE->getSCEV(ICmp->getOperand(1 - IVOperIdx));

  // Simplify unnecessary loops away.
  const Loop *ICmpLoop = LI->getLoopFor(ICmp->getParent());
  S = SE->getSCEVAtScope(S, ICmpLoop);
  X = SE->getSCEVAtScope(X, ICmpLoop);

  // If the condition is always true or always false, replace it with
  // a constant value.
  if (SE->isKnownPredicate(Pred, S, X))
    ICmp->replaceAllUsesWith(ConstantInt::getTrue(ICmp->getContext()));
  else if (SE->isKnownPredicate(ICmpInst::getInversePredicate(Pred), S, X))
    ICmp->replaceAllUsesWith(ConstantInt::getFalse(ICmp->getContext()));
  else
    return;

  DEBUG(dbgs() << "INDVARS: Eliminated comparison: " << *ICmp << '\n');
  ++NumElimCmp;
  Changed = true;
  DeadInsts.push_back(ICmp);
}

/// eliminateIVRemainder - SimplifyIVUsers helper for eliminating useless
/// remainder operations operating on an induction variable.
void SimplifyIndvar::eliminateIVRemainder(BinaryOperator *Rem,
                                      Value *IVOperand,
                                      bool IsSigned) {
  // We're only interested in the case where we know something about
  // the numerator.
  if (IVOperand != Rem->getOperand(0))
    return;

  // Get the SCEVs for the ICmp operands.
  const SCEV *S = SE->getSCEV(Rem->getOperand(0));
  const SCEV *X = SE->getSCEV(Rem->getOperand(1));

  // Simplify unnecessary loops away.
  const Loop *ICmpLoop = LI->getLoopFor(Rem->getParent());
  S = SE->getSCEVAtScope(S, ICmpLoop);
  X = SE->getSCEVAtScope(X, ICmpLoop);

  // i % n  -->  i  if i is in [0,n).
  if ((!IsSigned || SE->isKnownNonNegative(S)) &&
      SE->isKnownPredicate(IsSigned ? ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT : ICmpInst::ICMP_ULT,
                           S, X))
    Rem->replaceAllUsesWith(Rem->getOperand(0));
  else {
    // (i+1) % n  -->  (i+1)==n?0:(i+1)  if i is in [0,n).
    const SCEV *LessOne =
      SE->getMinusSCEV(S, SE->getConstant(S->getType(), 1));
    if (IsSigned && !SE->isKnownNonNegative(LessOne))
      return;

    if (!SE->isKnownPredicate(IsSigned ?
                              ICmpInst::ICMP_SLT : ICmpInst::ICMP_ULT,
                              LessOne, X))
      return;

    ICmpInst *ICmp = new ICmpInst(Rem, ICmpInst::ICMP_EQ,
                                  Rem->getOperand(0), Rem->getOperand(1));
    SelectInst *Sel =
      SelectInst::Create(ICmp,
                         ConstantInt::get(Rem->getType(), 0),
                         Rem->getOperand(0), "tmp", Rem);
    Rem->replaceAllUsesWith(Sel);
  }

  DEBUG(dbgs() << "INDVARS: Simplified rem: " << *Rem << '\n');
  ++NumElimRem;
  Changed = true;
  DeadInsts.push_back(Rem);
}

/// eliminateIVUser - Eliminate an operation that consumes a simple IV and has
/// no observable side-effect given the range of IV values.
/// IVOperand is guaranteed SCEVable, but UseInst may not be.
bool SimplifyIndvar::eliminateIVUser(Instruction *UseInst,
                                     Instruction *IVOperand) {
  if (ICmpInst *ICmp = dyn_cast<ICmpInst>(UseInst)) {
    eliminateIVComparison(ICmp, IVOperand);
    return true;
  }
  if (BinaryOperator *Rem = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(UseInst)) {
    bool IsSigned = Rem->getOpcode() == Instruction::SRem;
    if (IsSigned || Rem->getOpcode() == Instruction::URem) {
      eliminateIVRemainder(Rem, IVOperand, IsSigned);
      return true;
    }
  }

  // Eliminate any operation that SCEV can prove is an identity function.
  if (!SE->isSCEVable(UseInst->getType()) ||
      (UseInst->getType() != IVOperand->getType()) ||
      (SE->getSCEV(UseInst) != SE->getSCEV(IVOperand)))
    return false;

  DEBUG(dbgs() << "INDVARS: Eliminated identity: " << *UseInst << '\n');

  UseInst->replaceAllUsesWith(IVOperand);
  ++NumElimIdentity;
  Changed = true;
  DeadInsts.push_back(UseInst);
  return true;
}

/// pushIVUsers - Add all uses of Def to the current IV's worklist.
///
static void pushIVUsers(
  Instruction *Def,
  SmallPtrSet<Instruction*,16> &Simplified,
  SmallVectorImpl< std::pair<Instruction*,Instruction*> > &SimpleIVUsers) {

  for (Value::use_iterator UI = Def->use_begin(), E = Def->use_end();
       UI != E; ++UI) {
    Instruction *User = cast<Instruction>(*UI);

    // Avoid infinite or exponential worklist processing.
    // Also ensure unique worklist users.
    // If Def is a LoopPhi, it may not be in the Simplified set, so check for
    // self edges first.
    if (User != Def && Simplified.insert(User))
      SimpleIVUsers.push_back(std::make_pair(User, Def));
  }
}

/// isSimpleIVUser - Return true if this instruction generates a simple SCEV
/// expression in terms of that IV.
///
/// This is similar to IVUsers' isInteresting() but processes each instruction
/// non-recursively when the operand is already known to be a simpleIVUser.
///
static bool isSimpleIVUser(Instruction *I, const Loop *L, ScalarEvolution *SE) {
  if (!SE->isSCEVable(I->getType()))
    return false;

  // Get the symbolic expression for this instruction.
  const SCEV *S = SE->getSCEV(I);

  // Only consider affine recurrences.
  const SCEVAddRecExpr *AR = dyn_cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(S);
  if (AR && AR->getLoop() == L)
    return true;

  return false;
}

/// simplifyUsers - Iteratively perform simplification on a worklist of users
/// of the specified induction variable. Each successive simplification may push
/// more users which may themselves be candidates for simplification.
///
/// This algorithm does not require IVUsers analysis. Instead, it simplifies
/// instructions in-place during analysis. Rather than rewriting induction
/// variables bottom-up from their users, it transforms a chain of IVUsers
/// top-down, updating the IR only when it encouters a clear optimization
/// opportunitiy.
///
/// Once DisableIVRewrite is default, LSR will be the only client of IVUsers.
///
void SimplifyIndvar::simplifyUsers(PHINode *CurrIV, IVVisitor *V) {
  if (!SE->isSCEVable(CurrIV->getType()))
    return;

  // Instructions processed by SimplifyIndvar for CurrIV.
  SmallPtrSet<Instruction*,16> Simplified;

  // Use-def pairs if IV users waiting to be processed for CurrIV.
  SmallVector<std::pair<Instruction*, Instruction*>, 8> SimpleIVUsers;

  // Push users of the current LoopPhi. In rare cases, pushIVUsers may be
  // called multiple times for the same LoopPhi. This is the proper thing to
  // do for loop header phis that use each other.
  pushIVUsers(CurrIV, Simplified, SimpleIVUsers);

  while (!SimpleIVUsers.empty()) {
    std::pair<Instruction*, Instruction*> UseOper =
      SimpleIVUsers.pop_back_val();
    // Bypass back edges to avoid extra work.
    if (UseOper.first == CurrIV) continue;

    Instruction *IVOperand = UseOper.second;
    for (unsigned N = 0; IVOperand; ++N) {
      assert(N <= Simplified.size() && "runaway iteration");

      Value *NewOper = foldIVUser(UseOper.first, IVOperand);
      if (!NewOper)
        break; // done folding
      IVOperand = dyn_cast<Instruction>(NewOper);
    }
    if (!IVOperand)
      continue;

    if (eliminateIVUser(UseOper.first, IVOperand)) {
      pushIVUsers(IVOperand, Simplified, SimpleIVUsers);
      continue;
    }
    CastInst *Cast = dyn_cast<CastInst>(UseOper.first);
    if (V && Cast) {
      V->visitCast(Cast);
      continue;
    }
    if (isSimpleIVUser(UseOper.first, L, SE)) {
      pushIVUsers(UseOper.first, Simplified, SimpleIVUsers);
    }
  }
}

namespace llvm {

void IVVisitor::anchor() { }

/// simplifyUsersOfIV - Simplify instructions that use this induction variable
/// by using ScalarEvolution to analyze the IV's recurrence.
bool simplifyUsersOfIV(PHINode *CurrIV, ScalarEvolution *SE, LPPassManager *LPM,
                       SmallVectorImpl<WeakVH> &Dead, IVVisitor *V)
{
  LoopInfo *LI = &LPM->getAnalysis<LoopInfo>();
  SimplifyIndvar SIV(LI->getLoopFor(CurrIV->getParent()), SE, LPM, Dead);
  SIV.simplifyUsers(CurrIV, V);
  return SIV.hasChanged();
}

/// simplifyLoopIVs - Simplify users of induction variables within this
/// loop. This does not actually change or add IVs.
bool simplifyLoopIVs(Loop *L, ScalarEvolution *SE, LPPassManager *LPM,
                     SmallVectorImpl<WeakVH> &Dead) {
  bool Changed = false;
  for (BasicBlock::iterator I = L->getHeader()->begin(); isa<PHINode>(I); ++I) {
    Changed |= simplifyUsersOfIV(cast<PHINode>(I), SE, LPM, Dead);
  }
  return Changed;
}

} // namespace llvm