ObjCARCOpts.cpp

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//===- ObjCARCOpts.cpp - ObjC ARC Optimization ----------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
/// \file
/// This file defines ObjC ARC optimizations. ARC stands for Automatic
/// Reference Counting and is a system for managing reference counts for objects
/// in Objective C.
///
/// The optimizations performed include elimination of redundant, partially
/// redundant, and inconsequential reference count operations, elimination of
/// redundant weak pointer operations, and numerous minor simplifications.
///
/// WARNING: This file knows about certain library functions. It recognizes them
/// by name, and hardwires knowledge of their semantics.
///
/// WARNING: This file knows about how certain Objective-C library functions are
/// used. Naive LLVM IR transformations which would otherwise be
/// behavior-preserving may break these assumptions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "ARCRuntimeEntryPoints.h"
#include "BlotMapVector.h"
#include "DependencyAnalysis.h"
#include "ObjCARC.h"
#include "ProvenanceAnalysis.h"
#include "PtrState.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ObjCARCAnalysisUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ObjCARCInstKind.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ObjCARCUtil.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
#include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Constant.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/EHPersonalities.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Metadata.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Type.h"
#include "llvm/IR/User.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/ObjCARC.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
 
using namespace llvm;
using namespace llvm::objcarc;
 
#define DEBUG_TYPE "objc-arc-opts"
 
static cl::opt<unsigned> MaxPtrStates("arc-opt-max-ptr-states",
    cl::Hidden,
    cl::desc("Maximum number of ptr states the optimizer keeps track of"),
    cl::init(4095));
 
/// \defgroup ARCUtilities Utility declarations/definitions specific to ARC.
/// @{
 
/// This is similar to GetRCIdentityRoot but it stops as soon
/// as it finds a value with multiple uses.
static const Value *FindSingleUseIdentifiedObject(const Value *Arg) {
  // ConstantData (like ConstantPointerNull and UndefValue) is used across
  // modules.  It's never a single-use value.
  if (isa<ConstantData>(Arg))
    return nullptr;
 
  if (Arg->hasOneUse()) {
    if (const BitCastInst *BC = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(Arg))
      return FindSingleUseIdentifiedObject(BC->getOperand(0));
    if (const GetElementPtrInst *GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(Arg))
      if (GEP->hasAllZeroIndices())
        return FindSingleUseIdentifiedObject(GEP->getPointerOperand());
    if (IsForwarding(GetBasicARCInstKind(Arg)))
      return FindSingleUseIdentifiedObject(
               cast<CallInst>(Arg)->getArgOperand(0));
    if (!IsObjCIdentifiedObject(Arg))
      return nullptr;
    return Arg;
  }
 
  // If we found an identifiable object but it has multiple uses, but they are
  // trivial uses, we can still consider this to be a single-use value.
  if (IsObjCIdentifiedObject(Arg)) {
    for (const User *U : Arg->users())
      if (!U->use_empty() || GetRCIdentityRoot(U) != Arg)
         return nullptr;
 
    return Arg;
  }
 
  return nullptr;
}
 
/// @}
///
/// \defgroup ARCOpt ARC Optimization.
/// @{
 
// TODO: On code like this:
//
// objc_retain(%x)
// stuff_that_cannot_release()
// objc_autorelease(%x)
// stuff_that_cannot_release()
// objc_retain(%x)
// stuff_that_cannot_release()
// objc_autorelease(%x)
//
// The second retain and autorelease can be deleted.
 
// TODO: Autorelease calls followed by objc_autoreleasePoolPop calls (perhaps in
// ObjC++ code after inlining) can be turned into plain release calls.
 
// TODO: Critical-edge splitting. If the optimial insertion point is
// a critical edge, the current algorithm has to fail, because it doesn't
// know how to split edges. It should be possible to make the optimizer
// think in terms of edges, rather than blocks, and then split critical
// edges on demand.
 
// TODO: OptimizeSequences could generalized to be Interprocedural.
 
// TODO: Recognize that a bunch of other objc runtime calls have
// non-escaping arguments and non-releasing arguments, and may be
// non-autoreleasing.
 
// TODO: Sink autorelease calls as far as possible. Unfortunately we
// usually can't sink them past other calls, which would be the main
// case where it would be useful.
 
// TODO: The pointer returned from objc_loadWeakRetained is retained.
 
// TODO: Delete release+retain pairs (rare).
 
STATISTIC(NumNoops,       "Number of no-op objc calls eliminated");
STATISTIC(NumPartialNoops, "Number of partially no-op objc calls eliminated");
STATISTIC(NumAutoreleases,"Number of autoreleases converted to releases");
STATISTIC(NumRets,        "Number of return value forwarding "
                          "retain+autoreleases eliminated");
STATISTIC(NumRRs,         "Number of retain+release paths eliminated");
STATISTIC(NumPeeps,       "Number of calls peephole-optimized");
#ifndef NDEBUG
STATISTIC(NumRetainsBeforeOpt,
          "Number of retains before optimization");
STATISTIC(NumReleasesBeforeOpt,
          "Number of releases before optimization");
STATISTIC(NumRetainsAfterOpt,
          "Number of retains after optimization");
STATISTIC(NumReleasesAfterOpt,
          "Number of releases after optimization");
#endif
 
namespace {
 
  /// Per-BasicBlock state.
  class BBState {
    /// The number of unique control paths from the entry which can reach this
    /// block.
    unsigned TopDownPathCount = 0;
 
    /// The number of unique control paths to exits from this block.
    unsigned BottomUpPathCount = 0;
 
    /// The top-down traversal uses this to record information known about a
    /// pointer at the bottom of each block.
    BlotMapVector<const Value *, TopDownPtrState> PerPtrTopDown;
 
    /// The bottom-up traversal uses this to record information known about a
    /// pointer at the top of each block.
    BlotMapVector<const Value *, BottomUpPtrState> PerPtrBottomUp;
 
    /// Effective predecessors of the current block ignoring ignorable edges and
    /// ignored backedges.
    SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 2> Preds;
 
    /// Effective successors of the current block ignoring ignorable edges and
    /// ignored backedges.
    SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 2> Succs;
 
  public:
    static const unsigned OverflowOccurredValue;
 
    BBState() = default;
 
    using top_down_ptr_iterator = decltype(PerPtrTopDown)::iterator;
    using const_top_down_ptr_iterator = decltype(PerPtrTopDown)::const_iterator;
 
    top_down_ptr_iterator top_down_ptr_begin() { return PerPtrTopDown.begin(); }
    top_down_ptr_iterator top_down_ptr_end() { return PerPtrTopDown.end(); }
    const_top_down_ptr_iterator top_down_ptr_begin() const {
      return PerPtrTopDown.begin();
    }
    const_top_down_ptr_iterator top_down_ptr_end() const {
      return PerPtrTopDown.end();
    }
    bool hasTopDownPtrs() const {
      return !PerPtrTopDown.empty();
    }
 
    unsigned top_down_ptr_list_size() const {
      return std::distance(top_down_ptr_begin(), top_down_ptr_end());
    }
 
    using bottom_up_ptr_iterator = decltype(PerPtrBottomUp)::iterator;
    using const_bottom_up_ptr_iterator =
        decltype(PerPtrBottomUp)::const_iterator;
 
    bottom_up_ptr_iterator bottom_up_ptr_begin() {
      return PerPtrBottomUp.begin();
    }
    bottom_up_ptr_iterator bottom_up_ptr_end() { return PerPtrBottomUp.end(); }
    const_bottom_up_ptr_iterator bottom_up_ptr_begin() const {
      return PerPtrBottomUp.begin();
    }
    const_bottom_up_ptr_iterator bottom_up_ptr_end() const {
      return PerPtrBottomUp.end();
    }
    bool hasBottomUpPtrs() const {
      return !PerPtrBottomUp.empty();
    }
 
    unsigned bottom_up_ptr_list_size() const {
      return std::distance(bottom_up_ptr_begin(), bottom_up_ptr_end());
    }
 
    /// Mark this block as being an entry block, which has one path from the
    /// entry by definition.
    void SetAsEntry() { TopDownPathCount = 1; }
 
    /// Mark this block as being an exit block, which has one path to an exit by
    /// definition.
    void SetAsExit()  { BottomUpPathCount = 1; }
 
    /// Attempt to find the PtrState object describing the top down state for
    /// pointer Arg. Return a new initialized PtrState describing the top down
    /// state for Arg if we do not find one.
    TopDownPtrState &getPtrTopDownState(const Value *Arg) {
      return PerPtrTopDown[Arg];
    }
 
    /// Attempt to find the PtrState object describing the bottom up state for
    /// pointer Arg. Return a new initialized PtrState describing the bottom up
    /// state for Arg if we do not find one.
    BottomUpPtrState &getPtrBottomUpState(const Value *Arg) {
      return PerPtrBottomUp[Arg];
    }
 
    /// Attempt to find the PtrState object describing the bottom up state for
    /// pointer Arg.
    bottom_up_ptr_iterator findPtrBottomUpState(const Value *Arg) {
      return PerPtrBottomUp.find(Arg);
    }
 
    void clearBottomUpPointers() {
      PerPtrBottomUp.clear();
    }
 
    void clearTopDownPointers() {
      PerPtrTopDown.clear();
    }
 
    void InitFromPred(const BBState &Other);
    void InitFromSucc(const BBState &Other);
    void MergePred(const BBState &Other);
    void MergeSucc(const BBState &Other);
 
    /// Compute the number of possible unique paths from an entry to an exit
    /// which pass through this block. This is only valid after both the
    /// top-down and bottom-up traversals are complete.
    ///
    /// Returns true if overflow occurred. Returns false if overflow did not
    /// occur.
    bool GetAllPathCountWithOverflow(unsigned &PathCount) const {
      if (TopDownPathCount == OverflowOccurredValue ||
          BottomUpPathCount == OverflowOccurredValue)
        return true;
      unsigned long long Product =
        (unsigned long long)TopDownPathCount*BottomUpPathCount;
      // Overflow occurred if any of the upper bits of Product are set or if all
      // the lower bits of Product are all set.
      return (Product >> 32) ||
             ((PathCount = Product) == OverflowOccurredValue);
    }
 
    // Specialized CFG utilities.
    using edge_iterator = SmallVectorImpl<BasicBlock *>::const_iterator;
 
    edge_iterator pred_begin() const { return Preds.begin(); }
    edge_iterator pred_end() const { return Preds.end(); }
    edge_iterator succ_begin() const { return Succs.begin(); }
    edge_iterator succ_end() const { return Succs.end(); }
 
    void addSucc(BasicBlock *Succ) { Succs.push_back(Succ); }
    void addPred(BasicBlock *Pred) { Preds.push_back(Pred); }
 
    bool isExit() const { return Succs.empty(); }
  };
 
} // end anonymous namespace
 
const unsigned BBState::OverflowOccurredValue = 0xffffffff;
 
namespace llvm {
 
[[maybe_unused]] raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, BBState &BBState);
 
} // end namespace llvm
 
void BBState::InitFromPred(const BBState &Other) {
  PerPtrTopDown = Other.PerPtrTopDown;
  TopDownPathCount = Other.TopDownPathCount;
}
 
void BBState::InitFromSucc(const BBState &Other) {
  PerPtrBottomUp = Other.PerPtrBottomUp;
  BottomUpPathCount = Other.BottomUpPathCount;
}
 
/// The top-down traversal uses this to merge information about predecessors to
/// form the initial state for a new block.
void BBState::MergePred(const BBState &Other) {
  if (TopDownPathCount == OverflowOccurredValue)
    return;
 
  // Other.TopDownPathCount can be 0, in which case it is either dead or a
  // loop backedge. Loop backedges are special.
  TopDownPathCount += Other.TopDownPathCount;
 
  // In order to be consistent, we clear the top down pointers when by adding
  // TopDownPathCount becomes OverflowOccurredValue even though "true" overflow
  // has not occurred.
  if (TopDownPathCount == OverflowOccurredValue) {
    clearTopDownPointers();
    return;
  }
 
  // Check for overflow. If we have overflow, fall back to conservative
  // behavior.
  if (TopDownPathCount < Other.TopDownPathCount) {
    TopDownPathCount = OverflowOccurredValue;
    clearTopDownPointers();
    return;
  }
 
  // For each entry in the other set, if our set has an entry with the same key,
  // merge the entries. Otherwise, copy the entry and merge it with an empty
  // entry.
  for (auto MI = Other.top_down_ptr_begin(), ME = Other.top_down_ptr_end();
       MI != ME; ++MI) {
    auto Pair = PerPtrTopDown.insert(*MI);
    Pair.first->second.Merge(Pair.second ? TopDownPtrState() : MI->second,
                             /*TopDown=*/true);
  }
 
  // For each entry in our set, if the other set doesn't have an entry with the
  // same key, force it to merge with an empty entry.
  for (auto MI = top_down_ptr_begin(), ME = top_down_ptr_end(); MI != ME; ++MI)
    if (Other.PerPtrTopDown.find(MI->first) == Other.PerPtrTopDown.end())
      MI->second.Merge(TopDownPtrState(), /*TopDown=*/true);
}
 
/// The bottom-up traversal uses this to merge information about successors to
/// form the initial state for a new block.
void BBState::MergeSucc(const BBState &Other) {
  if (BottomUpPathCount == OverflowOccurredValue)
    return;
 
  // Other.BottomUpPathCount can be 0, in which case it is either dead or a
  // loop backedge. Loop backedges are special.
  BottomUpPathCount += Other.BottomUpPathCount;
 
  // In order to be consistent, we clear the top down pointers when by adding
  // BottomUpPathCount becomes OverflowOccurredValue even though "true" overflow
  // has not occurred.
  if (BottomUpPathCount == OverflowOccurredValue) {
    clearBottomUpPointers();
    return;
  }
 
  // Check for overflow. If we have overflow, fall back to conservative
  // behavior.
  if (BottomUpPathCount < Other.BottomUpPathCount) {
    BottomUpPathCount = OverflowOccurredValue;
    clearBottomUpPointers();
    return;
  }
 
  // For each entry in the other set, if our set has an entry with the
  // same key, merge the entries. Otherwise, copy the entry and merge
  // it with an empty entry.
  for (auto MI = Other.bottom_up_ptr_begin(), ME = Other.bottom_up_ptr_end();
       MI != ME; ++MI) {
    auto Pair = PerPtrBottomUp.insert(*MI);
    Pair.first->second.Merge(Pair.second ? BottomUpPtrState() : MI->second,
                             /*TopDown=*/false);
  }
 
  // For each entry in our set, if the other set doesn't have an entry
  // with the same key, force it to merge with an empty entry.
  for (auto MI = bottom_up_ptr_begin(), ME = bottom_up_ptr_end(); MI != ME;
       ++MI)
    if (Other.PerPtrBottomUp.find(MI->first) == Other.PerPtrBottomUp.end())
      MI->second.Merge(BottomUpPtrState(), /*TopDown=*/false);
}
 
raw_ostream &llvm::operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, BBState &BBInfo) {
  // Dump the pointers we are tracking.
  OS << "    TopDown State:\n";
  if (!BBInfo.hasTopDownPtrs()) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "        NONE!\n");
  } else {
    for (auto I = BBInfo.top_down_ptr_begin(), E = BBInfo.top_down_ptr_end();
         I != E; ++I) {
      const PtrState &P = I->second;
      OS << "        Ptr: " << *I->first
         << "\n            KnownSafe:        " << (P.IsKnownSafe()?"true":"false")
         << "\n            ImpreciseRelease: "
           << (P.IsTrackingImpreciseReleases()?"true":"false") << "\n"
         << "            HasCFGHazards:    "
           << (P.IsCFGHazardAfflicted()?"true":"false") << "\n"
         << "            KnownPositive:    "
           << (P.HasKnownPositiveRefCount()?"true":"false") << "\n"
         << "            Seq:              "
         << P.GetSeq() << "\n";
    }
  }
 
  OS << "    BottomUp State:\n";
  if (!BBInfo.hasBottomUpPtrs()) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "        NONE!\n");
  } else {
    for (auto I = BBInfo.bottom_up_ptr_begin(), E = BBInfo.bottom_up_ptr_end();
         I != E; ++I) {
      const PtrState &P = I->second;
      OS << "        Ptr: " << *I->first
         << "\n            KnownSafe:        " << (P.IsKnownSafe()?"true":"false")
         << "\n            ImpreciseRelease: "
           << (P.IsTrackingImpreciseReleases()?"true":"false") << "\n"
         << "            HasCFGHazards:    "
           << (P.IsCFGHazardAfflicted()?"true":"false") << "\n"
         << "            KnownPositive:    "
           << (P.HasKnownPositiveRefCount()?"true":"false") << "\n"
         << "            Seq:              "
         << P.GetSeq() << "\n";
    }
  }
 
  return OS;
}
 
namespace {
 
  /// The main ARC optimization pass.
class ObjCARCOpt {
  bool Changed = false;
  bool CFGChanged = false;
  ProvenanceAnalysis PA;
 
  /// A cache of references to runtime entry point constants.
  ARCRuntimeEntryPoints EP;
 
  /// A cache of MDKinds that can be passed into other functions to propagate
  /// MDKind identifiers.
  ARCMDKindCache MDKindCache;
 
  BundledRetainClaimRVs *BundledInsts = nullptr;
 
  /// A flag indicating whether the optimization that removes or moves
  /// retain/release pairs should be performed.
  bool DisableRetainReleasePairing = false;
 
  /// Flags which determine whether each of the interesting runtime functions
  /// is in fact used in the current function.
  unsigned UsedInThisFunction;
 
  DenseMap<BasicBlock *, ColorVector> BlockEHColors;
 
  bool OptimizeRetainRVCall(Function &F, Instruction *RetainRV);
  void OptimizeAutoreleaseRVCall(Function &F, Instruction *AutoreleaseRV,
                                 ARCInstKind &Class);
  void OptimizeIndividualCalls(Function &F);
 
  /// Optimize an individual call, optionally passing the
  /// GetArgRCIdentityRoot if it has already been computed.
  void OptimizeIndividualCallImpl(Function &F, Instruction *Inst,
                                  ARCInstKind Class, const Value *Arg);
 
  /// Try to optimize an AutoreleaseRV with a RetainRV or UnsafeClaimRV.  If the
  /// optimization occurs, returns true to indicate that the caller should
  /// assume the instructions are dead.
  bool OptimizeInlinedAutoreleaseRVCall(Function &F, Instruction *Inst,
                                        const Value *&Arg, ARCInstKind Class,
                                        Instruction *AutoreleaseRV,
                                        const Value *&AutoreleaseRVArg);
 
  void CheckForCFGHazards(const BasicBlock *BB,
                          DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                          BBState &MyStates) const;
  bool VisitInstructionBottomUp(Instruction *Inst, BasicBlock *BB,
                                BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
                                BBState &MyStates);
  bool VisitBottomUp(BasicBlock *BB,
                     DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                     BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains);
  bool VisitInstructionTopDown(
      Instruction *Inst, DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases, BBState &MyStates,
      const DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
          &ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots);
  bool VisitTopDown(
      BasicBlock *BB, DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
      DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases,
      const DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
          &ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots);
  bool Visit(Function &F, DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
             BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
             DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases);
 
  void MoveCalls(Value *Arg, RRInfo &RetainsToMove, RRInfo &ReleasesToMove,
                 BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
                 DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases,
                 SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &DeadInsts, Module *M);
 
  bool PairUpRetainsAndReleases(DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                                BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
                                DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases, Module *M,
                                Instruction *Retain,
                                SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &DeadInsts,
                                RRInfo &RetainsToMove, RRInfo &ReleasesToMove,
                                Value *Arg, bool KnownSafe,
                                bool &AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated);
 
  bool PerformCodePlacement(DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                            BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
                            DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases, Module *M);
 
  void OptimizeWeakCalls(Function &F);
 
  bool OptimizeSequences(Function &F);
 
  void OptimizeReturns(Function &F);
 
  void OptimizeAutoreleasePools(Function &F);
 
  template <typename PredicateT>
  static void cloneOpBundlesIf(CallBase *CI,
                               SmallVectorImpl<OperandBundleDef> &OpBundles,
                               PredicateT Predicate) {
    for (unsigned I = 0, E = CI->getNumOperandBundles(); I != E; ++I) {
      OperandBundleUse B = CI->getOperandBundleAt(I);
      if (Predicate(B))
        OpBundles.emplace_back(B);
    }
  }
 
  void addOpBundleForFunclet(BasicBlock *BB,
                             SmallVectorImpl<OperandBundleDef> &OpBundles) {
    if (!BlockEHColors.empty()) {
      const ColorVector &CV = BlockEHColors.find(BB)->second;
      assert(CV.size() > 0 && "Uncolored block");
      for (BasicBlock *EHPadBB : CV)
        if (auto *EHPad =
                dyn_cast<FuncletPadInst>(EHPadBB->getFirstNonPHIIt())) {
          OpBundles.emplace_back("funclet", EHPad);
          return;
        }
    }
  }
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
  void GatherStatistics(Function &F, bool AfterOptimization = false);
#endif
 
  public:
    void init(Function &F);
    bool run(Function &F, AAResults &AA);
    bool hasCFGChanged() const { return CFGChanged; }
};
} // end anonymous namespace
 
/// Turn objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue into objc_retain if the operand is
/// not a return value.
bool
ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeRetainRVCall(Function &F, Instruction *RetainRV) {
  // Check for the argument being from an immediately preceding call or invoke.
  const Value *Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(RetainRV);
  if (const Instruction *Call = dyn_cast<CallBase>(Arg)) {
    if (Call->getParent() == RetainRV->getParent()) {
      BasicBlock::const_iterator I(Call);
      ++I;
      while (IsNoopInstruction(&*I))
        ++I;
      if (&*I == RetainRV)
        return false;
    } else if (const InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(Call)) {
      BasicBlock *RetainRVParent = RetainRV->getParent();
      if (II->getNormalDest() == RetainRVParent) {
        BasicBlock::const_iterator I = RetainRVParent->begin();
        while (IsNoopInstruction(&*I))
          ++I;
        if (&*I == RetainRV)
          return false;
      }
    }
  }
 
  assert(!BundledInsts->contains(RetainRV) &&
         "a bundled retainRV's argument should be a call");
 
  // Turn it to a plain objc_retain.
  Changed = true;
  ++NumPeeps;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Transforming objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue => "
                       "objc_retain since the operand is not a return value.\n"
                       "Old = "
                    << *RetainRV << "\n");
 
  Function *NewDecl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Retain);
  cast<CallInst>(RetainRV)->setCalledFunction(NewDecl);
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "New = " << *RetainRV << "\n");
 
  return false;
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeInlinedAutoreleaseRVCall(
    Function &F, Instruction *Inst, const Value *&Arg, ARCInstKind Class,
    Instruction *AutoreleaseRV, const Value *&AutoreleaseRVArg) {
  if (BundledInsts->contains(Inst))
    return false;
 
  // Must be in the same basic block.
  assert(Inst->getParent() == AutoreleaseRV->getParent());
 
  // Must operate on the same root.
  Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Inst);
  AutoreleaseRVArg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(AutoreleaseRV);
  if (Arg != AutoreleaseRVArg) {
    // If there isn't an exact match, check if we have equivalent PHIs.
    const PHINode *PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(Arg);
    if (!PN)
      return false;
 
    SmallVector<const Value *, 4> ArgUsers;
    getEquivalentPHIs(*PN, ArgUsers);
    if (!llvm::is_contained(ArgUsers, AutoreleaseRVArg))
      return false;
  }
 
  // Okay, this is a match.  Merge them.
  ++NumPeeps;
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Found inlined objc_autoreleaseReturnValue '"
                    << *AutoreleaseRV << "' paired with '" << *Inst << "'\n");
 
  // Delete the RV pair, starting with the AutoreleaseRV.
  AutoreleaseRV->replaceAllUsesWith(
      cast<CallInst>(AutoreleaseRV)->getArgOperand(0));
  Changed = true;
  EraseInstruction(AutoreleaseRV);
  if (Class == ARCInstKind::RetainRV) {
    // AutoreleaseRV and RetainRV cancel out.  Delete the RetainRV.
    Inst->replaceAllUsesWith(cast<CallInst>(Inst)->getArgOperand(0));
    EraseInstruction(Inst);
    return true;
  }
 
  // UnsafeClaimRV is a frontend peephole for RetainRV + Release.  Since the
  // AutoreleaseRV and RetainRV cancel out, replace UnsafeClaimRV with Release.
  assert(Class == ARCInstKind::UnsafeClaimRV);
  Value *CallArg = cast<CallInst>(Inst)->getArgOperand(0);
  CallInst *Release =
      CallInst::Create(EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Release), CallArg, "",
                       Inst->getIterator());
  assert(IsAlwaysTail(ARCInstKind::UnsafeClaimRV) &&
         "Expected UnsafeClaimRV to be safe to tail call");
  Release->setTailCall();
  Inst->replaceAllUsesWith(CallArg);
  EraseInstruction(Inst);
 
  // Run the normal optimizations on Release.
  OptimizeIndividualCallImpl(F, Release, ARCInstKind::Release, Arg);
  return true;
}
 
/// Turn objc_autoreleaseReturnValue into objc_autorelease if the result is not
/// used as a return value.
void ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeAutoreleaseRVCall(Function &F,
                                           Instruction *AutoreleaseRV,
                                           ARCInstKind &Class) {
  // Check for a return of the pointer value.
  const Value *Ptr = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(AutoreleaseRV);
 
  // If the argument is ConstantPointerNull or UndefValue, its other users
  // aren't actually interesting to look at.
  if (isa<ConstantData>(Ptr))
    return;
 
  SmallVector<const Value *, 2> Users;
  Users.push_back(Ptr);
 
  // Add PHIs that are equivalent to Ptr to Users.
  if (const PHINode *PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(Ptr))
    getEquivalentPHIs(*PN, Users);
 
  do {
    Ptr = Users.pop_back_val();
    for (const User *U : Ptr->users()) {
      if (isa<ReturnInst>(U) || GetBasicARCInstKind(U) == ARCInstKind::RetainRV)
        return;
      if (isa<BitCastInst>(U))
        Users.push_back(U);
    }
  } while (!Users.empty());
 
  Changed = true;
  ++NumPeeps;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(
      dbgs() << "Transforming objc_autoreleaseReturnValue => "
                "objc_autorelease since its operand is not used as a return "
                "value.\n"
                "Old = "
             << *AutoreleaseRV << "\n");
 
  CallInst *AutoreleaseRVCI = cast<CallInst>(AutoreleaseRV);
  Function *NewDecl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Autorelease);
  AutoreleaseRVCI->setCalledFunction(NewDecl);
  AutoreleaseRVCI->setTailCall(false); // Never tail call objc_autorelease.
  Class = ARCInstKind::Autorelease;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "New: " << *AutoreleaseRV << "\n");
}
 
/// Visit each call, one at a time, and make simplifications without doing any
/// additional analysis.
void ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeIndividualCalls(Function &F) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeIndividualCalls ==\n");
  // Reset all the flags in preparation for recomputing them.
  UsedInThisFunction = 0;
 
  // Store any delayed AutoreleaseRV intrinsics, so they can be easily paired
  // with RetainRV and UnsafeClaimRV.
  Instruction *DelayedAutoreleaseRV = nullptr;
  const Value *DelayedAutoreleaseRVArg = nullptr;
  auto setDelayedAutoreleaseRV = [&](Instruction *AutoreleaseRV) {
    assert(!DelayedAutoreleaseRV || !AutoreleaseRV);
    DelayedAutoreleaseRV = AutoreleaseRV;
    DelayedAutoreleaseRVArg = nullptr;
  };
  auto optimizeDelayedAutoreleaseRV = [&]() {
    if (!DelayedAutoreleaseRV)
      return;
    OptimizeIndividualCallImpl(F, DelayedAutoreleaseRV,
                               ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV,
                               DelayedAutoreleaseRVArg);
    setDelayedAutoreleaseRV(nullptr);
  };
  auto shouldDelayAutoreleaseRV = [&](Instruction *NonARCInst) {
    // Nothing to delay, but we may as well skip the logic below.
    if (!DelayedAutoreleaseRV)
      return true;
 
    // If we hit the end of the basic block we're not going to find an RV-pair.
    // Stop delaying.
    if (NonARCInst->isTerminator())
      return false;
 
    // Given the frontend rules for emitting AutoreleaseRV, RetainRV, and
    // UnsafeClaimRV, it's probably safe to skip over even opaque function calls
    // here since OptimizeInlinedAutoreleaseRVCall will confirm that they
    // have the same RCIdentityRoot.  However, what really matters is
    // skipping instructions or intrinsics that the inliner could leave behind;
    // be conservative for now and don't skip over opaque calls, which could
    // potentially include other ARC calls.
    auto *CB = dyn_cast<CallBase>(NonARCInst);
    if (!CB)
      return true;
    return CB->getIntrinsicID() != Intrinsic::not_intrinsic;
  };
 
  // Visit all objc_* calls in F.
  for (inst_iterator I = inst_begin(&F), E = inst_end(&F); I != E; ) {
    Instruction *Inst = &*I++;
 
    if (auto *CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(Inst))
      if (objcarc::hasAttachedCallOpBundle(CI)) {
        BundledInsts->insertRVCall(I->getIterator(), CI);
        Changed = true;
      }
 
    ARCInstKind Class = GetBasicARCInstKind(Inst);
 
    // Skip this loop if this instruction isn't itself an ARC intrinsic.
    const Value *Arg = nullptr;
    switch (Class) {
    default:
      optimizeDelayedAutoreleaseRV();
      break;
    case ARCInstKind::CallOrUser:
    case ARCInstKind::User:
    case ARCInstKind::None:
      // This is a non-ARC instruction.  If we're delaying an AutoreleaseRV,
      // check if it's safe to skip over it; if not, optimize the AutoreleaseRV
      // now.
      if (!shouldDelayAutoreleaseRV(Inst))
        optimizeDelayedAutoreleaseRV();
      continue;
    case ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV:
      optimizeDelayedAutoreleaseRV();
      setDelayedAutoreleaseRV(Inst);
      continue;
    case ARCInstKind::RetainRV:
    case ARCInstKind::UnsafeClaimRV:
      if (DelayedAutoreleaseRV) {
        // We have a potential RV pair.  Check if they cancel out.
        if (OptimizeInlinedAutoreleaseRVCall(F, Inst, Arg, Class,
                                             DelayedAutoreleaseRV,
                                             DelayedAutoreleaseRVArg)) {
          setDelayedAutoreleaseRV(nullptr);
          continue;
        }
        optimizeDelayedAutoreleaseRV();
      }
      break;
    }
 
    OptimizeIndividualCallImpl(F, Inst, Class, Arg);
  }
 
  // Catch the final delayed AutoreleaseRV.
  optimizeDelayedAutoreleaseRV();
}
 
/// This function returns true if the value is inert. An ObjC ARC runtime call
/// taking an inert operand can be safely deleted.
static bool isInertARCValue(Value *V, SmallPtrSet<Value *, 1> &VisitedPhis) {
  V = V->stripPointerCasts();
 
  if (IsNullOrUndef(V))
    return true;
 
  // See if this is a global attribute annotated with an 'objc_arc_inert'.
  if (auto *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(V))
    if (GV->hasAttribute("objc_arc_inert"))
      return true;
 
  if (auto PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(V)) {
    // Ignore this phi if it has already been discovered.
    if (!VisitedPhis.insert(PN).second)
      return true;
    // Look through phis's operands.
    for (Value *Opnd : PN->incoming_values())
      if (!isInertARCValue(Opnd, VisitedPhis))
        return false;
    return true;
  }
 
  return false;
}
 
void ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeIndividualCallImpl(Function &F, Instruction *Inst,
                                            ARCInstKind Class,
                                            const Value *Arg) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Visiting: Class: " << Class << "; " << *Inst << "\n");
 
  // We can delete this call if it takes an inert value.
  SmallPtrSet<Value *, 1> VisitedPhis;
 
  if (BundledInsts->contains(Inst)) {
    UsedInThisFunction |= 1 << unsigned(Class);
    return;
  }
 
  if (IsNoopOnGlobal(Class))
    if (isInertARCValue(Inst->getOperand(0), VisitedPhis)) {
      if (!Inst->getType()->isVoidTy())
        Inst->replaceAllUsesWith(Inst->getOperand(0));
      Inst->eraseFromParent();
      Changed = true;
      return;
    }
 
  switch (Class) {
  default:
    break;
 
  // Delete no-op casts. These function calls have special semantics, but
  // the semantics are entirely implemented via lowering in the front-end,
  // so by the time they reach the optimizer, they are just no-op calls
  // which return their argument.
  //
  // There are gray areas here, as the ability to cast reference-counted
  // pointers to raw void* and back allows code to break ARC assumptions,
  // however these are currently considered to be unimportant.
  case ARCInstKind::NoopCast:
    Changed = true;
    ++NumNoops;
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Erasing no-op cast: " << *Inst << "\n");
    EraseInstruction(Inst);
    return;
 
  // If the pointer-to-weak-pointer is null, it's undefined behavior.
  case ARCInstKind::StoreWeak:
  case ARCInstKind::LoadWeak:
  case ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained:
  case ARCInstKind::InitWeak:
  case ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak: {
    CallInst *CI = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
    if (IsNullOrUndef(CI->getArgOperand(0))) {
      Changed = true;
      new StoreInst(ConstantInt::getTrue(CI->getContext()),
                    PoisonValue::get(PointerType::getUnqual(CI->getContext())),
                    CI->getIterator());
      Value *NewValue = PoisonValue::get(CI->getType());
      LLVM_DEBUG(
          dbgs() << "A null pointer-to-weak-pointer is undefined behavior."
                    "\nOld = "
                 << *CI << "\nNew = " << *NewValue << "\n");
      CI->replaceAllUsesWith(NewValue);
      CI->eraseFromParent();
      return;
    }
    break;
  }
  case ARCInstKind::CopyWeak:
  case ARCInstKind::MoveWeak: {
    CallInst *CI = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
    if (IsNullOrUndef(CI->getArgOperand(0)) ||
        IsNullOrUndef(CI->getArgOperand(1))) {
      Changed = true;
      new StoreInst(ConstantInt::getTrue(CI->getContext()),
                    PoisonValue::get(PointerType::getUnqual(CI->getContext())),
                    CI->getIterator());
 
      Value *NewValue = PoisonValue::get(CI->getType());
      LLVM_DEBUG(
          dbgs() << "A null pointer-to-weak-pointer is undefined behavior."
                    "\nOld = "
                 << *CI << "\nNew = " << *NewValue << "\n");
 
      CI->replaceAllUsesWith(NewValue);
      CI->eraseFromParent();
      return;
    }
    break;
  }
  case ARCInstKind::RetainRV:
    if (OptimizeRetainRVCall(F, Inst))
      return;
    break;
  case ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV:
    OptimizeAutoreleaseRVCall(F, Inst, Class);
    break;
  }
 
  // objc_autorelease(x) -> objc_release(x) if x is otherwise unused.
  if (IsAutorelease(Class) && Inst->use_empty()) {
    CallInst *Call = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
    const Value *Arg = Call->getArgOperand(0);
    Arg = FindSingleUseIdentifiedObject(Arg);
    if (Arg) {
      Changed = true;
      ++NumAutoreleases;
 
      // Create the declaration lazily.
      LLVMContext &C = Inst->getContext();
 
      Function *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Release);
      CallInst *NewCall = CallInst::Create(Decl, Call->getArgOperand(0), "",
                                           Call->getIterator());
      NewCall->setMetadata(MDKindCache.get(ARCMDKindID::ImpreciseRelease),
                           MDNode::get(C, {}));
 
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Replacing autorelease{,RV}(x) with objc_release(x) "
                           "since x is otherwise unused.\nOld: "
                        << *Call << "\nNew: " << *NewCall << "\n");
 
      EraseInstruction(Call);
      Inst = NewCall;
      Class = ARCInstKind::Release;
    }
  }
 
  // For functions which can never be passed stack arguments, add
  // a tail keyword.
  if (IsAlwaysTail(Class) && !cast<CallInst>(Inst)->isNoTailCall()) {
    Changed = true;
    LLVM_DEBUG(
        dbgs() << "Adding tail keyword to function since it can never be "
                  "passed stack args: "
               << *Inst << "\n");
    cast<CallInst>(Inst)->setTailCall();
  }
 
  // Ensure that functions that can never have a "tail" keyword due to the
  // semantics of ARC truly do not do so.
  if (IsNeverTail(Class)) {
    Changed = true;
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Removing tail keyword from function: " << *Inst
                      << "\n");
    cast<CallInst>(Inst)->setTailCall(false);
  }
 
  // Set nounwind as needed.
  if (IsNoThrow(Class)) {
    Changed = true;
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Found no throw class. Setting nounwind on: " << *Inst
                      << "\n");
    cast<CallInst>(Inst)->setDoesNotThrow();
  }
 
  // Note: This catches instructions unrelated to ARC.
  if (!IsNoopOnNull(Class)) {
    UsedInThisFunction |= 1 << unsigned(Class);
    return;
  }
 
  // If we haven't already looked up the root, look it up now.
  if (!Arg)
    Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Inst);
 
  // ARC calls with null are no-ops. Delete them.
  if (IsNullOrUndef(Arg)) {
    Changed = true;
    ++NumNoops;
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "ARC calls with  null are no-ops. Erasing: " << *Inst
                      << "\n");
    EraseInstruction(Inst);
    return;
  }
 
  // Keep track of which of retain, release, autorelease, and retain_block
  // are actually present in this function.
  UsedInThisFunction |= 1 << unsigned(Class);
 
  // If Arg is a PHI, and one or more incoming values to the
  // PHI are null, and the call is control-equivalent to the PHI, and there
  // are no relevant side effects between the PHI and the call, and the call
  // is not a release that doesn't have the clang.imprecise_release tag, the
  // call could be pushed up to just those paths with non-null incoming
  // values. For now, don't bother splitting critical edges for this.
  if (Class == ARCInstKind::Release &&
      !Inst->getMetadata(MDKindCache.get(ARCMDKindID::ImpreciseRelease)))
    return;
 
  SmallVector<std::pair<Instruction *, const Value *>, 4> Worklist;
  Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(Inst, Arg));
  do {
    std::pair<Instruction *, const Value *> Pair = Worklist.pop_back_val();
    Inst = Pair.first;
    Arg = Pair.second;
 
    const PHINode *PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(Arg);
    if (!PN)
      continue;
 
    // Determine if the PHI has any null operands, or any incoming
    // critical edges.
    bool HasNull = false;
    bool HasCriticalEdges = false;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i) {
      Value *Incoming = GetRCIdentityRoot(PN->getIncomingValue(i));
      if (IsNullOrUndef(Incoming))
        HasNull = true;
      else if (PN->getIncomingBlock(i)->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors() !=
               1) {
        HasCriticalEdges = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    // If we have null operands and no critical edges, optimize.
    if (HasCriticalEdges)
      continue;
    if (!HasNull)
      continue;
 
    Instruction *DepInst = nullptr;
 
    // Check that there is nothing that cares about the reference
    // count between the call and the phi.
    switch (Class) {
    case ARCInstKind::Retain:
    case ARCInstKind::RetainBlock:
      // These can always be moved up.
      break;
    case ARCInstKind::Release:
      // These can't be moved across things that care about the retain
      // count.
      DepInst = findSingleDependency(NeedsPositiveRetainCount, Arg,
                                     Inst->getParent(), Inst, PA);
      break;
    case ARCInstKind::Autorelease:
      // These can't be moved across autorelease pool scope boundaries.
      DepInst = findSingleDependency(AutoreleasePoolBoundary, Arg,
                                     Inst->getParent(), Inst, PA);
      break;
    case ARCInstKind::UnsafeClaimRV:
    case ARCInstKind::RetainRV:
    case ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV:
      // Don't move these; the RV optimization depends on the autoreleaseRV
      // being tail called, and the retainRV being immediately after a call
      // (which might still happen if we get lucky with codegen layout, but
      // it's not worth taking the chance).
      continue;
    default:
      llvm_unreachable("Invalid dependence flavor");
    }
 
    if (DepInst != PN)
      continue;
 
    Changed = true;
    ++NumPartialNoops;
    // Clone the call into each predecessor that has a non-null value.
    CallInst *CInst = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
    Type *ParamTy = CInst->getArgOperand(0)->getType();
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i) {
      Value *Incoming = GetRCIdentityRoot(PN->getIncomingValue(i));
      if (IsNullOrUndef(Incoming))
        continue;
      Value *Op = PN->getIncomingValue(i);
      BasicBlock::iterator InsertPos =
          PN->getIncomingBlock(i)->back().getIterator();
      SmallVector<OperandBundleDef, 1> OpBundles;
      cloneOpBundlesIf(CInst, OpBundles, [](const OperandBundleUse &B) {
        return B.getTagID() != LLVMContext::OB_funclet;
      });
      addOpBundleForFunclet(InsertPos->getParent(), OpBundles);
      CallInst *Clone = CallInst::Create(CInst, OpBundles);
      if (Op->getType() != ParamTy)
        Op = new BitCastInst(Op, ParamTy, "", InsertPos);
      Clone->setArgOperand(0, Op);
      Clone->insertBefore(*InsertPos->getParent(), InsertPos);
 
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Cloning " << *CInst << "\n"
                                                   "And inserting clone at "
                        << *InsertPos << "\n");
      Worklist.push_back(std::make_pair(Clone, Incoming));
    }
    // Erase the original call.
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Erasing: " << *CInst << "\n");
    EraseInstruction(CInst);
  } while (!Worklist.empty());
}
 
/// If we have a top down pointer in the S_Use state, make sure that there are
/// no CFG hazards by checking the states of various bottom up pointers.
static void CheckForUseCFGHazard(const Sequence SuccSSeq,
                                 const bool SuccSRRIKnownSafe,
                                 TopDownPtrState &S,
                                 bool &SomeSuccHasSame,
                                 bool &AllSuccsHaveSame,
                                 bool &NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe,
                                 bool &ShouldContinue) {
  switch (SuccSSeq) {
  case S_CanRelease: {
    if (!S.IsKnownSafe() && !SuccSRRIKnownSafe) {
      S.ClearSequenceProgress();
      break;
    }
    S.SetCFGHazardAfflicted(true);
    ShouldContinue = true;
    break;
  }
  case S_Use:
    SomeSuccHasSame = true;
    break;
  case S_Stop:
  case S_MovableRelease:
    if (!S.IsKnownSafe() && !SuccSRRIKnownSafe)
      AllSuccsHaveSame = false;
    else
      NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe = true;
    break;
  case S_Retain:
    llvm_unreachable("bottom-up pointer in retain state!");
  case S_None:
    llvm_unreachable("This should have been handled earlier.");
  }
}
 
/// If we have a Top Down pointer in the S_CanRelease state, make sure that
/// there are no CFG hazards by checking the states of various bottom up
/// pointers.
static void CheckForCanReleaseCFGHazard(const Sequence SuccSSeq,
                                        const bool SuccSRRIKnownSafe,
                                        TopDownPtrState &S,
                                        bool &SomeSuccHasSame,
                                        bool &AllSuccsHaveSame,
                                        bool &NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe) {
  switch (SuccSSeq) {
  case S_CanRelease:
    SomeSuccHasSame = true;
    break;
  case S_Stop:
  case S_MovableRelease:
  case S_Use:
    if (!S.IsKnownSafe() && !SuccSRRIKnownSafe)
      AllSuccsHaveSame = false;
    else
      NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe = true;
    break;
  case S_Retain:
    llvm_unreachable("bottom-up pointer in retain state!");
  case S_None:
    llvm_unreachable("This should have been handled earlier.");
  }
}
 
/// Check for critical edges, loop boundaries, irreducible control flow, or
/// other CFG structures where moving code across the edge would result in it
/// being executed more.
void
ObjCARCOpt::CheckForCFGHazards(const BasicBlock *BB,
                               DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                               BBState &MyStates) const {
  // If any top-down local-use or possible-dec has a succ which is earlier in
  // the sequence, forget it.
  for (auto I = MyStates.top_down_ptr_begin(), E = MyStates.top_down_ptr_end();
       I != E; ++I) {
    TopDownPtrState &S = I->second;
    const Sequence Seq = I->second.GetSeq();
 
    // We only care about S_Retain, S_CanRelease, and S_Use.
    if (Seq == S_None)
      continue;
 
    // Make sure that if extra top down states are added in the future that this
    // code is updated to handle it.
    assert((Seq == S_Retain || Seq == S_CanRelease || Seq == S_Use) &&
           "Unknown top down sequence state.");
 
    const Value *Arg = I->first;
    bool SomeSuccHasSame = false;
    bool AllSuccsHaveSame = true;
    bool NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe = false;
 
    for (const BasicBlock *Succ : successors(BB)) {
      // If VisitBottomUp has pointer information for this successor, take
      // what we know about it.
      const DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState>::iterator BBI =
          BBStates.find(Succ);
      assert(BBI != BBStates.end());
      const BottomUpPtrState &SuccS = BBI->second.getPtrBottomUpState(Arg);
      const Sequence SuccSSeq = SuccS.GetSeq();
 
      // If bottom up, the pointer is in an S_None state, clear the sequence
      // progress since the sequence in the bottom up state finished
      // suggesting a mismatch in between retains/releases. This is true for
      // all three cases that we are handling here: S_Retain, S_Use, and
      // S_CanRelease.
      if (SuccSSeq == S_None) {
        S.ClearSequenceProgress();
        continue;
      }
 
      // If we have S_Use or S_CanRelease, perform our check for cfg hazard
      // checks.
      const bool SuccSRRIKnownSafe = SuccS.IsKnownSafe();
 
      // *NOTE* We do not use Seq from above here since we are allowing for
      // S.GetSeq() to change while we are visiting basic blocks.
      switch(S.GetSeq()) {
      case S_Use: {
        bool ShouldContinue = false;
        CheckForUseCFGHazard(SuccSSeq, SuccSRRIKnownSafe, S, SomeSuccHasSame,
                             AllSuccsHaveSame, NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe,
                             ShouldContinue);
        if (ShouldContinue)
          continue;
        break;
      }
      case S_CanRelease:
        CheckForCanReleaseCFGHazard(SuccSSeq, SuccSRRIKnownSafe, S,
                                    SomeSuccHasSame, AllSuccsHaveSame,
                                    NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe);
        break;
      case S_Retain:
      case S_None:
      case S_Stop:
      case S_MovableRelease:
        break;
      }
    }
 
    // If the state at the other end of any of the successor edges
    // matches the current state, require all edges to match. This
    // guards against loops in the middle of a sequence.
    if (SomeSuccHasSame && !AllSuccsHaveSame) {
      S.ClearSequenceProgress();
    } else if (NotAllSeqEqualButKnownSafe) {
      // If we would have cleared the state foregoing the fact that we are known
      // safe, stop code motion. This is because whether or not it is safe to
      // remove RR pairs via KnownSafe is an orthogonal concept to whether we
      // are allowed to perform code motion.
      S.SetCFGHazardAfflicted(true);
    }
  }
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::VisitInstructionBottomUp(
    Instruction *Inst, BasicBlock *BB, BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
    BBState &MyStates) {
  bool NestingDetected = false;
  ARCInstKind Class = GetARCInstKind(Inst);
  const Value *Arg = nullptr;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "        Class: " << Class << "\n");
 
  switch (Class) {
  case ARCInstKind::Release: {
    Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Inst);
 
    BottomUpPtrState &S = MyStates.getPtrBottomUpState(Arg);
    NestingDetected |= S.InitBottomUp(MDKindCache, Inst);
    break;
  }
  case ARCInstKind::RetainBlock:
    // In OptimizeIndividualCalls, we have strength reduced all optimizable
    // objc_retainBlocks to objc_retains. Thus at this point any
    // objc_retainBlocks that we see are not optimizable.
    break;
  case ARCInstKind::Retain:
  case ARCInstKind::RetainRV: {
    Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Inst);
    BottomUpPtrState &S = MyStates.getPtrBottomUpState(Arg);
    if (S.MatchWithRetain()) {
      // Don't do retain+release tracking for ARCInstKind::RetainRV, because
      // it's better to let it remain as the first instruction after a call.
      if (Class != ARCInstKind::RetainRV) {
        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "        Matching with: " << *Inst << "\n");
        Retains[Inst] = S.GetRRInfo();
      }
      S.ClearSequenceProgress();
    }
    // A retain moving bottom up can be a use.
    break;
  }
  case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPop:
    // Conservatively, clear MyStates for all known pointers.
    MyStates.clearBottomUpPointers();
    return NestingDetected;
  case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPush:
  case ARCInstKind::None:
    // These are irrelevant.
    return NestingDetected;
  default:
    break;
  }
 
  // Consider any other possible effects of this instruction on each
  // pointer being tracked.
  for (auto MI = MyStates.bottom_up_ptr_begin(),
            ME = MyStates.bottom_up_ptr_end();
       MI != ME; ++MI) {
    const Value *Ptr = MI->first;
    if (Ptr == Arg)
      continue; // Handled above.
    BottomUpPtrState &S = MI->second;
 
    if (S.HandlePotentialAlterRefCount(Inst, Ptr, PA, Class))
      continue;
 
    S.HandlePotentialUse(BB, Inst, Ptr, PA, Class);
  }
 
  return NestingDetected;
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::VisitBottomUp(BasicBlock *BB,
                               DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                               BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::VisitBottomUp ==\n");
 
  bool NestingDetected = false;
  BBState &MyStates = BBStates[BB];
 
  // Merge the states from each successor to compute the initial state
  // for the current block.
  BBState::edge_iterator SI(MyStates.succ_begin()),
                         SE(MyStates.succ_end());
  if (SI != SE) {
    const BasicBlock *Succ = *SI;
    DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState>::iterator I = BBStates.find(Succ);
    assert(I != BBStates.end());
    MyStates.InitFromSucc(I->second);
    ++SI;
    for (; SI != SE; ++SI) {
      Succ = *SI;
      I = BBStates.find(Succ);
      assert(I != BBStates.end());
      MyStates.MergeSucc(I->second);
    }
  }
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Before:\n"
                    << BBStates[BB] << "\n"
                    << "Performing Dataflow:\n");
 
  // Visit all the instructions, bottom-up.
  for (BasicBlock::iterator I = BB->end(), E = BB->begin(); I != E; --I) {
    Instruction *Inst = &*std::prev(I);
 
    // Invoke instructions are visited as part of their successors (below).
    if (isa<InvokeInst>(Inst))
      continue;
 
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    Visiting " << *Inst << "\n");
 
    NestingDetected |= VisitInstructionBottomUp(Inst, BB, Retains, MyStates);
 
    // Bail out if the number of pointers being tracked becomes too large so
    // that this pass can complete in a reasonable amount of time.
    if (MyStates.bottom_up_ptr_list_size() > MaxPtrStates) {
      DisableRetainReleasePairing = true;
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  // If there's a predecessor with an invoke, visit the invoke as if it were
  // part of this block, since we can't insert code after an invoke in its own
  // block, and we don't want to split critical edges.
  for (BBState::edge_iterator PI(MyStates.pred_begin()),
       PE(MyStates.pred_end()); PI != PE; ++PI) {
    BasicBlock *Pred = *PI;
    if (InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast<InvokeInst>(&Pred->back()))
      NestingDetected |= VisitInstructionBottomUp(II, BB, Retains, MyStates);
  }
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nFinal State:\n" << BBStates[BB] << "\n");
 
  return NestingDetected;
}
 
// Fill ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots, which is a map from insertion points
// to the set of RC identity roots that would be released by the release calls
// moved to the insertion points.
static void collectReleaseInsertPts(
    const BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
    DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
        &ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots) {
  for (const auto &P : Retains) {
    // Retains is a map from an objc_retain call to a RRInfo of the RC identity
    // root of the call. Get the RC identity root of the objc_retain call.
    Instruction *Retain = cast<Instruction>(P.first);
    Value *Root = GetRCIdentityRoot(Retain->getOperand(0));
    // Collect all the insertion points of the objc_release calls that release
    // the RC identity root of the objc_retain call.
    for (const Instruction *InsertPt : P.second.ReverseInsertPts)
      ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots[InsertPt].insert(Root);
  }
}
 
// Get the RC identity roots from an insertion point of an objc_release call.
// Return nullptr if the passed instruction isn't an insertion point.
static const SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2> *
getRCIdentityRootsFromReleaseInsertPt(
    const Instruction *InsertPt,
    const DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
        &ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots) {
  auto I = ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots.find(InsertPt);
  if (I == ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots.end())
    return nullptr;
  return &I->second;
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::VisitInstructionTopDown(
    Instruction *Inst, DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases, BBState &MyStates,
    const DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
        &ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots) {
  bool NestingDetected = false;
  ARCInstKind Class = GetARCInstKind(Inst);
  const Value *Arg = nullptr;
 
  // Make sure a call to objc_retain isn't moved past insertion points of calls
  // to objc_release.
  if (const SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2> *Roots =
          getRCIdentityRootsFromReleaseInsertPt(
              Inst, ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots))
    for (const auto *Root : *Roots) {
      TopDownPtrState &S = MyStates.getPtrTopDownState(Root);
      // Disable code motion if the current position is S_Retain to prevent
      // moving the objc_retain call past objc_release calls. If it's
      // S_CanRelease or larger, it's not necessary to disable code motion as
      // the insertion points that prevent the objc_retain call from moving down
      // should have been set already.
      if (S.GetSeq() == S_Retain)
        S.SetCFGHazardAfflicted(true);
    }
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "        Class: " << Class << "\n");
 
  switch (Class) {
  case ARCInstKind::RetainBlock:
    // In OptimizeIndividualCalls, we have strength reduced all optimizable
    // objc_retainBlocks to objc_retains. Thus at this point any
    // objc_retainBlocks that we see are not optimizable. We need to break since
    // a retain can be a potential use.
    break;
  case ARCInstKind::Retain:
  case ARCInstKind::RetainRV: {
    Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Inst);
    TopDownPtrState &S = MyStates.getPtrTopDownState(Arg);
    NestingDetected |= S.InitTopDown(Class, Inst);
    // A retain can be a potential use; proceed to the generic checking
    // code below.
    break;
  }
  case ARCInstKind::Release: {
    Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Inst);
    TopDownPtrState &S = MyStates.getPtrTopDownState(Arg);
    // Try to form a tentative pair in between this release instruction and the
    // top down pointers that we are tracking.
    if (S.MatchWithRelease(MDKindCache, Inst)) {
      // If we succeed, copy S's RRInfo into the Release -> {Retain Set
      // Map}. Then we clear S.
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "        Matching with: " << *Inst << "\n");
      Releases[Inst] = S.GetRRInfo();
      S.ClearSequenceProgress();
    }
    break;
  }
  case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPop:
    // Conservatively, clear MyStates for all known pointers.
    MyStates.clearTopDownPointers();
    return false;
  case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPush:
  case ARCInstKind::None:
    // These can not be uses of
    return false;
  default:
    break;
  }
 
  // Consider any other possible effects of this instruction on each
  // pointer being tracked.
  for (auto MI = MyStates.top_down_ptr_begin(),
            ME = MyStates.top_down_ptr_end();
       MI != ME; ++MI) {
    const Value *Ptr = MI->first;
    if (Ptr == Arg)
      continue; // Handled above.
    TopDownPtrState &S = MI->second;
    if (S.HandlePotentialAlterRefCount(Inst, Ptr, PA, Class, *BundledInsts))
      continue;
 
    S.HandlePotentialUse(Inst, Ptr, PA, Class);
  }
 
  return NestingDetected;
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::VisitTopDown(
    BasicBlock *BB, DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
    DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases,
    const DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
        &ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::VisitTopDown ==\n");
  bool NestingDetected = false;
  BBState &MyStates = BBStates[BB];
 
  // Merge the states from each predecessor to compute the initial state
  // for the current block.
  BBState::edge_iterator PI(MyStates.pred_begin()),
                         PE(MyStates.pred_end());
  if (PI != PE) {
    const BasicBlock *Pred = *PI;
    DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState>::iterator I = BBStates.find(Pred);
    assert(I != BBStates.end());
    MyStates.InitFromPred(I->second);
    ++PI;
    for (; PI != PE; ++PI) {
      Pred = *PI;
      I = BBStates.find(Pred);
      assert(I != BBStates.end());
      MyStates.MergePred(I->second);
    }
  }
 
  // Check that BB and MyStates have the same number of predecessors. This
  // prevents retain calls that live outside a loop from being moved into the
  // loop.
  if (!BB->hasNPredecessors(MyStates.pred_end() - MyStates.pred_begin()))
    for (auto I = MyStates.top_down_ptr_begin(),
              E = MyStates.top_down_ptr_end();
         I != E; ++I)
      I->second.SetCFGHazardAfflicted(true);
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Before:\n"
                    << BBStates[BB] << "\n"
                    << "Performing Dataflow:\n");
 
  // Visit all the instructions, top-down.
  for (Instruction &Inst : *BB) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "    Visiting " << Inst << "\n");
 
    NestingDetected |= VisitInstructionTopDown(
        &Inst, Releases, MyStates, ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots);
 
    // Bail out if the number of pointers being tracked becomes too large so
    // that this pass can complete in a reasonable amount of time.
    if (MyStates.top_down_ptr_list_size() > MaxPtrStates) {
      DisableRetainReleasePairing = true;
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\nState Before Checking for CFG Hazards:\n"
                    << BBStates[BB] << "\n\n");
  CheckForCFGHazards(BB, BBStates, MyStates);
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Final State:\n" << BBStates[BB] << "\n");
  return NestingDetected;
}
 
static void
ComputePostOrders(Function &F,
                  SmallVectorImpl<BasicBlock *> &PostOrder,
                  SmallVectorImpl<BasicBlock *> &ReverseCFGPostOrder,
                  unsigned NoObjCARCExceptionsMDKind,
                  DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates) {
  /// The visited set, for doing DFS walks.
  SmallPtrSet<BasicBlock *, 16> Visited;
 
  // Do DFS, computing the PostOrder.
  SmallPtrSet<BasicBlock *, 16> OnStack;
  SmallVector<std::pair<BasicBlock *, succ_iterator>, 16> SuccStack;
 
  // Functions always have exactly one entry block, and we don't have
  // any other block that we treat like an entry block.
  BasicBlock *EntryBB = &F.getEntryBlock();
  BBState &MyStates = BBStates[EntryBB];
  MyStates.SetAsEntry();
  Instruction *EntryTI = EntryBB->getTerminator();
  SuccStack.push_back(std::make_pair(EntryBB, succ_iterator(EntryTI)));
  Visited.insert(EntryBB);
  OnStack.insert(EntryBB);
  do {
  dfs_next_succ:
    BasicBlock *CurrBB = SuccStack.back().first;
    succ_iterator SE(CurrBB->getTerminator(), false);
 
    while (SuccStack.back().second != SE) {
      BasicBlock *SuccBB = *SuccStack.back().second++;
      if (Visited.insert(SuccBB).second) {
        SuccStack.push_back(
            std::make_pair(SuccBB, succ_iterator(SuccBB->getTerminator())));
        BBStates[CurrBB].addSucc(SuccBB);
        BBState &SuccStates = BBStates[SuccBB];
        SuccStates.addPred(CurrBB);
        OnStack.insert(SuccBB);
        goto dfs_next_succ;
      }
 
      if (!OnStack.count(SuccBB)) {
        BBStates[CurrBB].addSucc(SuccBB);
        BBStates[SuccBB].addPred(CurrBB);
      }
    }
    OnStack.erase(CurrBB);
    PostOrder.push_back(CurrBB);
    SuccStack.pop_back();
  } while (!SuccStack.empty());
 
  Visited.clear();
 
  // Do reverse-CFG DFS, computing the reverse-CFG PostOrder.
  // Functions may have many exits, and there also blocks which we treat
  // as exits due to ignored edges.
  SmallVector<std::pair<BasicBlock *, BBState::edge_iterator>, 16> PredStack;
  for (BasicBlock &ExitBB : F) {
    BBState &MyStates = BBStates[&ExitBB];
    if (!MyStates.isExit())
      continue;
 
    MyStates.SetAsExit();
 
    PredStack.push_back(std::make_pair(&ExitBB, MyStates.pred_begin()));
    Visited.insert(&ExitBB);
    while (!PredStack.empty()) {
    reverse_dfs_next_succ:
      BBState::edge_iterator PE = BBStates[PredStack.back().first].pred_end();
      while (PredStack.back().second != PE) {
        BasicBlock *BB = *PredStack.back().second++;
        if (Visited.insert(BB).second) {
          PredStack.push_back(std::make_pair(BB, BBStates[BB].pred_begin()));
          goto reverse_dfs_next_succ;
        }
      }
      ReverseCFGPostOrder.push_back(PredStack.pop_back_val().first);
    }
  }
}
 
// Visit the function both top-down and bottom-up.
bool ObjCARCOpt::Visit(Function &F,
                       DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
                       BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
                       DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases) {
  // Use reverse-postorder traversals, because we magically know that loops
  // will be well behaved, i.e. they won't repeatedly call retain on a single
  // pointer without doing a release. We can't use the ReversePostOrderTraversal
  // class here because we want the reverse-CFG postorder to consider each
  // function exit point, and we want to ignore selected cycle edges.
  SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 16> PostOrder;
  SmallVector<BasicBlock *, 16> ReverseCFGPostOrder;
  ComputePostOrders(F, PostOrder, ReverseCFGPostOrder,
                    MDKindCache.get(ARCMDKindID::NoObjCARCExceptions),
                    BBStates);
 
  // Use reverse-postorder on the reverse CFG for bottom-up.
  bool BottomUpNestingDetected = false;
  for (BasicBlock *BB : llvm::reverse(ReverseCFGPostOrder)) {
    BottomUpNestingDetected |= VisitBottomUp(BB, BBStates, Retains);
    if (DisableRetainReleasePairing)
      return false;
  }
 
  DenseMap<const Instruction *, SmallPtrSet<const Value *, 2>>
      ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots;
  collectReleaseInsertPts(Retains, ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots);
 
  // Use reverse-postorder for top-down.
  bool TopDownNestingDetected = false;
  for (BasicBlock *BB : llvm::reverse(PostOrder)) {
    TopDownNestingDetected |=
        VisitTopDown(BB, BBStates, Releases, ReleaseInsertPtToRCIdentityRoots);
    if (DisableRetainReleasePairing)
      return false;
  }
 
  return TopDownNestingDetected && BottomUpNestingDetected;
}
 
/// Move the calls in RetainsToMove and ReleasesToMove.
void ObjCARCOpt::MoveCalls(Value *Arg, RRInfo &RetainsToMove,
                           RRInfo &ReleasesToMove,
                           BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
                           DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases,
                           SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &DeadInsts,
                           Module *M) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "== ObjCARCOpt::MoveCalls ==\n");
 
  // Insert the new retain and release calls.
  for (Instruction *InsertPt : ReleasesToMove.ReverseInsertPts) {
    Function *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Retain);
    SmallVector<OperandBundleDef, 1> BundleList;
    addOpBundleForFunclet(InsertPt->getParent(), BundleList);
    CallInst *Call =
        CallInst::Create(Decl, Arg, BundleList, "", InsertPt->getIterator());
    Call->setDoesNotThrow();
    Call->setTailCall();
 
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Inserting new Retain: " << *Call
                      << "\n"
                         "At insertion point: "
                      << *InsertPt << "\n");
  }
  for (Instruction *InsertPt : RetainsToMove.ReverseInsertPts) {
    Function *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Release);
    SmallVector<OperandBundleDef, 1> BundleList;
    addOpBundleForFunclet(InsertPt->getParent(), BundleList);
    CallInst *Call =
        CallInst::Create(Decl, Arg, BundleList, "", InsertPt->getIterator());
    // Attach a clang.imprecise_release metadata tag, if appropriate.
    if (MDNode *M = ReleasesToMove.ReleaseMetadata)
      Call->setMetadata(MDKindCache.get(ARCMDKindID::ImpreciseRelease), M);
    Call->setDoesNotThrow();
    if (ReleasesToMove.IsTailCallRelease)
      Call->setTailCall();
 
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Inserting new Release: " << *Call
                      << "\n"
                         "At insertion point: "
                      << *InsertPt << "\n");
  }
 
  // Delete the original retain and release calls.
  for (Instruction *OrigRetain : RetainsToMove.Calls) {
    Retains.blot(OrigRetain);
    DeadInsts.push_back(OrigRetain);
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Deleting retain: " << *OrigRetain << "\n");
  }
  for (Instruction *OrigRelease : ReleasesToMove.Calls) {
    Releases.erase(OrigRelease);
    DeadInsts.push_back(OrigRelease);
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Deleting release: " << *OrigRelease << "\n");
  }
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::PairUpRetainsAndReleases(
    DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
    BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
    DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases, Module *M,
    Instruction *Retain,
    SmallVectorImpl<Instruction *> &DeadInsts, RRInfo &RetainsToMove,
    RRInfo &ReleasesToMove, Value *Arg, bool KnownSafe,
    bool &AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated) {
  // If a pair happens in a region where it is known that the reference count
  // is already incremented, we can similarly ignore possible decrements unless
  // we are dealing with a retainable object with multiple provenance sources.
  bool KnownSafeTD = true, KnownSafeBU = true;
  bool CFGHazardAfflicted = false;
 
  // Connect the dots between the top-down-collected RetainsToMove and
  // bottom-up-collected ReleasesToMove to form sets of related calls.
  // This is an iterative process so that we connect multiple releases
  // to multiple retains if needed.
  unsigned OldDelta = 0;
  unsigned NewDelta = 0;
  unsigned OldCount = 0;
  unsigned NewCount = 0;
  bool FirstRelease = true;
  for (SmallVector<Instruction *, 4> NewRetains{Retain};;) {
    SmallVector<Instruction *, 4> NewReleases;
    for (Instruction *NewRetain : NewRetains) {
      auto It = Retains.find(NewRetain);
      assert(It != Retains.end());
      const RRInfo &NewRetainRRI = It->second;
      KnownSafeTD &= NewRetainRRI.KnownSafe;
      CFGHazardAfflicted |= NewRetainRRI.CFGHazardAfflicted;
      for (Instruction *NewRetainRelease : NewRetainRRI.Calls) {
        auto Jt = Releases.find(NewRetainRelease);
        if (Jt == Releases.end())
          return false;
        const RRInfo &NewRetainReleaseRRI = Jt->second;
 
        // If the release does not have a reference to the retain as well,
        // something happened which is unaccounted for. Do not do anything.
        //
        // This can happen if we catch an additive overflow during path count
        // merging.
        if (!NewRetainReleaseRRI.Calls.count(NewRetain))
          return false;
 
        if (ReleasesToMove.Calls.insert(NewRetainRelease).second) {
          // If we overflow when we compute the path count, don't remove/move
          // anything.
          const BBState &NRRBBState = BBStates[NewRetainRelease->getParent()];
          unsigned PathCount = BBState::OverflowOccurredValue;
          if (NRRBBState.GetAllPathCountWithOverflow(PathCount))
            return false;
          assert(PathCount != BBState::OverflowOccurredValue &&
                 "PathCount at this point can not be "
                 "OverflowOccurredValue.");
          OldDelta -= PathCount;
 
          // Merge the ReleaseMetadata and IsTailCallRelease values.
          if (FirstRelease) {
            ReleasesToMove.ReleaseMetadata =
              NewRetainReleaseRRI.ReleaseMetadata;
            ReleasesToMove.IsTailCallRelease =
              NewRetainReleaseRRI.IsTailCallRelease;
            FirstRelease = false;
          } else {
            if (ReleasesToMove.ReleaseMetadata !=
                NewRetainReleaseRRI.ReleaseMetadata)
              ReleasesToMove.ReleaseMetadata = nullptr;
            if (ReleasesToMove.IsTailCallRelease !=
                NewRetainReleaseRRI.IsTailCallRelease)
              ReleasesToMove.IsTailCallRelease = false;
          }
 
          // Collect the optimal insertion points.
          if (!KnownSafe)
            for (Instruction *RIP : NewRetainReleaseRRI.ReverseInsertPts) {
              if (ReleasesToMove.ReverseInsertPts.insert(RIP).second) {
                // If we overflow when we compute the path count, don't
                // remove/move anything.
                const BBState &RIPBBState = BBStates[RIP->getParent()];
                PathCount = BBState::OverflowOccurredValue;
                if (RIPBBState.GetAllPathCountWithOverflow(PathCount))
                  return false;
                assert(PathCount != BBState::OverflowOccurredValue &&
                       "PathCount at this point can not be "
                       "OverflowOccurredValue.");
                NewDelta -= PathCount;
              }
            }
          NewReleases.push_back(NewRetainRelease);
        }
      }
    }
    NewRetains.clear();
    if (NewReleases.empty()) break;
 
    // Back the other way.
    for (Instruction *NewRelease : NewReleases) {
      auto It = Releases.find(NewRelease);
      assert(It != Releases.end());
      const RRInfo &NewReleaseRRI = It->second;
      KnownSafeBU &= NewReleaseRRI.KnownSafe;
      CFGHazardAfflicted |= NewReleaseRRI.CFGHazardAfflicted;
      for (Instruction *NewReleaseRetain : NewReleaseRRI.Calls) {
        auto Jt = Retains.find(NewReleaseRetain);
        if (Jt == Retains.end())
          return false;
        const RRInfo &NewReleaseRetainRRI = Jt->second;
 
        // If the retain does not have a reference to the release as well,
        // something happened which is unaccounted for. Do not do anything.
        //
        // This can happen if we catch an additive overflow during path count
        // merging.
        if (!NewReleaseRetainRRI.Calls.count(NewRelease))
          return false;
 
        if (RetainsToMove.Calls.insert(NewReleaseRetain).second) {
          // If we overflow when we compute the path count, don't remove/move
          // anything.
          const BBState &NRRBBState = BBStates[NewReleaseRetain->getParent()];
          unsigned PathCount = BBState::OverflowOccurredValue;
          if (NRRBBState.GetAllPathCountWithOverflow(PathCount))
            return false;
          assert(PathCount != BBState::OverflowOccurredValue &&
                 "PathCount at this point can not be "
                 "OverflowOccurredValue.");
          OldDelta += PathCount;
          OldCount += PathCount;
 
          // Collect the optimal insertion points.
          if (!KnownSafe)
            for (Instruction *RIP : NewReleaseRetainRRI.ReverseInsertPts) {
              if (RetainsToMove.ReverseInsertPts.insert(RIP).second) {
                // If we overflow when we compute the path count, don't
                // remove/move anything.
                const BBState &RIPBBState = BBStates[RIP->getParent()];
 
                PathCount = BBState::OverflowOccurredValue;
                if (RIPBBState.GetAllPathCountWithOverflow(PathCount))
                  return false;
                assert(PathCount != BBState::OverflowOccurredValue &&
                       "PathCount at this point can not be "
                       "OverflowOccurredValue.");
                NewDelta += PathCount;
                NewCount += PathCount;
              }
            }
          NewRetains.push_back(NewReleaseRetain);
        }
      }
    }
    if (NewRetains.empty()) break;
  }
 
  // We can only remove pointers if we are known safe in both directions.
  bool UnconditionallySafe = KnownSafeTD && KnownSafeBU;
  if (UnconditionallySafe) {
    RetainsToMove.ReverseInsertPts.clear();
    ReleasesToMove.ReverseInsertPts.clear();
    NewCount = 0;
  } else {
    // Determine whether the new insertion points we computed preserve the
    // balance of retain and release calls through the program.
    // TODO: If the fully aggressive solution isn't valid, try to find a
    // less aggressive solution which is.
    if (NewDelta != 0)
      return false;
 
    // At this point, we are not going to remove any RR pairs, but we still are
    // able to move RR pairs. If one of our pointers is afflicted with
    // CFGHazards, we cannot perform such code motion so exit early.
    const bool WillPerformCodeMotion =
        !RetainsToMove.ReverseInsertPts.empty() ||
        !ReleasesToMove.ReverseInsertPts.empty();
    if (CFGHazardAfflicted && WillPerformCodeMotion)
      return false;
  }
 
  // Determine whether the original call points are balanced in the retain and
  // release calls through the program. If not, conservatively don't touch
  // them.
  // TODO: It's theoretically possible to do code motion in this case, as
  // long as the existing imbalances are maintained.
  if (OldDelta != 0)
    return false;
 
  Changed = true;
  assert(OldCount != 0 && "Unreachable code?");
  NumRRs += OldCount - NewCount;
  // Set to true if we completely removed any RR pairs.
  AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated = NewCount == 0;
 
  // We can move calls!
  return true;
}
 
/// Identify pairings between the retains and releases, and delete and/or move
/// them.
bool ObjCARCOpt::PerformCodePlacement(
    DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> &BBStates,
    BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> &Retains,
    DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> &Releases, Module *M) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::PerformCodePlacement ==\n");
 
  bool AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated = false;
  SmallVector<Instruction *, 8> DeadInsts;
 
  // Visit each retain.
  for (BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo>::const_iterator I = Retains.begin(),
                                                      E = Retains.end();
       I != E; ++I) {
    Value *V = I->first;
    if (!V) continue; // blotted
 
    Instruction *Retain = cast<Instruction>(V);
 
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Visiting: " << *Retain << "\n");
 
    Value *Arg = GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Retain);
 
    // If the object being released is in static or stack storage, we know it's
    // not being managed by ObjC reference counting, so we can delete pairs
    // regardless of what possible decrements or uses lie between them.
    bool KnownSafe = isa<Constant>(Arg) || isa<AllocaInst>(Arg);
 
    // A constant pointer can't be pointing to an object on the heap. It may
    // be reference-counted, but it won't be deleted.
    if (const LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Arg))
      if (const GlobalVariable *GV =
            dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(
              GetRCIdentityRoot(LI->getPointerOperand())))
        if (GV->isConstant())
          KnownSafe = true;
 
    // Connect the dots between the top-down-collected RetainsToMove and
    // bottom-up-collected ReleasesToMove to form sets of related calls.
    RRInfo RetainsToMove, ReleasesToMove;
 
    bool PerformMoveCalls = PairUpRetainsAndReleases(
        BBStates, Retains, Releases, M, Retain, DeadInsts,
        RetainsToMove, ReleasesToMove, Arg, KnownSafe,
        AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated);
 
    if (PerformMoveCalls) {
      // Ok, everything checks out and we're all set. Let's move/delete some
      // code!
      MoveCalls(Arg, RetainsToMove, ReleasesToMove,
                Retains, Releases, DeadInsts, M);
    }
  }
 
  // Now that we're done moving everything, we can delete the newly dead
  // instructions, as we no longer need them as insert points.
  while (!DeadInsts.empty())
    EraseInstruction(DeadInsts.pop_back_val());
 
  return AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated;
}
 
/// Weak pointer optimizations.
void ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeWeakCalls(Function &F) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeWeakCalls ==\n");
 
  // First, do memdep-style RLE and S2L optimizations. We can't use memdep
  // itself because it uses AliasAnalysis and we need to do provenance
  // queries instead.
  for (inst_iterator I = inst_begin(&F), E = inst_end(&F); I != E; ) {
    Instruction *Inst = &*I++;
 
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Visiting: " << *Inst << "\n");
 
    ARCInstKind Class = GetBasicARCInstKind(Inst);
    if (Class != ARCInstKind::LoadWeak &&
        Class != ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained)
      continue;
 
    // Delete objc_loadWeak calls with no users.
    if (Class == ARCInstKind::LoadWeak && Inst->use_empty()) {
      Inst->eraseFromParent();
      Changed = true;
      continue;
    }
 
    // TODO: For now, just look for an earlier available version of this value
    // within the same block. Theoretically, we could do memdep-style non-local
    // analysis too, but that would want caching. A better approach would be to
    // use the technique that EarlyCSE uses.
    inst_iterator Current = std::prev(I);
    BasicBlock *CurrentBB = &*Current.getBasicBlockIterator();
    for (BasicBlock::iterator B = CurrentBB->begin(),
                              J = Current.getInstructionIterator();
         J != B; --J) {
      Instruction *EarlierInst = &*std::prev(J);
      ARCInstKind EarlierClass = GetARCInstKind(EarlierInst);
      switch (EarlierClass) {
      case ARCInstKind::LoadWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained: {
        // If this is loading from the same pointer, replace this load's value
        // with that one.
        CallInst *Call = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
        CallInst *EarlierCall = cast<CallInst>(EarlierInst);
        Value *Arg = Call->getArgOperand(0);
        Value *EarlierArg = EarlierCall->getArgOperand(0);
        switch (PA.getAA()->alias(Arg, EarlierArg)) {
        case AliasResult::MustAlias:
          Changed = true;
          // If the load has a builtin retain, insert a plain retain for it.
          if (Class == ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained) {
            Function *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Retain);
            CallInst *CI =
                CallInst::Create(Decl, EarlierCall, "", Call->getIterator());
            CI->setTailCall();
          }
          // Zap the fully redundant load.
          Call->replaceAllUsesWith(EarlierCall);
          Call->eraseFromParent();
          goto clobbered;
        case AliasResult::MayAlias:
        case AliasResult::PartialAlias:
          goto clobbered;
        case AliasResult::NoAlias:
          break;
        }
        break;
      }
      case ARCInstKind::StoreWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::InitWeak: {
        // If this is storing to the same pointer and has the same size etc.
        // replace this load's value with the stored value.
        CallInst *Call = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
        CallInst *EarlierCall = cast<CallInst>(EarlierInst);
        Value *Arg = Call->getArgOperand(0);
        Value *EarlierArg = EarlierCall->getArgOperand(0);
        switch (PA.getAA()->alias(Arg, EarlierArg)) {
        case AliasResult::MustAlias:
          Changed = true;
          // If the load has a builtin retain, insert a plain retain for it.
          if (Class == ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained) {
            Function *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPointKind::Retain);
            CallInst *CI =
                CallInst::Create(Decl, EarlierCall, "", Call->getIterator());
            CI->setTailCall();
          }
          // Zap the fully redundant load.
          Call->replaceAllUsesWith(EarlierCall->getArgOperand(1));
          Call->eraseFromParent();
          goto clobbered;
        case AliasResult::MayAlias:
        case AliasResult::PartialAlias:
          goto clobbered;
        case AliasResult::NoAlias:
          break;
        }
        break;
      }
      case ARCInstKind::MoveWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::CopyWeak:
        // TOOD: Grab the copied value.
        goto clobbered;
      case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPush:
      case ARCInstKind::None:
      case ARCInstKind::IntrinsicUser:
      case ARCInstKind::User:
        // Weak pointers are only modified through the weak entry points
        // (and arbitrary calls, which could call the weak entry points).
        break;
      default:
        // Anything else could modify the weak pointer.
        goto clobbered;
      }
    }
  clobbered:;
  }
 
  // Then, for each destroyWeak with an alloca operand, check to see if
  // the alloca and all its users can be zapped.
  for (Instruction &Inst : llvm::make_early_inc_range(instructions(F))) {
    ARCInstKind Class = GetBasicARCInstKind(&Inst);
    if (Class != ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak)
      continue;
 
    CallInst *Call = cast<CallInst>(&Inst);
    Value *Arg = Call->getArgOperand(0);
    if (AllocaInst *Alloca = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(Arg)) {
      for (User *U : Alloca->users()) {
        const Instruction *UserInst = cast<Instruction>(U);
        switch (GetBasicARCInstKind(UserInst)) {
        case ARCInstKind::InitWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::StoreWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak:
          continue;
        default:
          goto done;
        }
      }
      Changed = true;
      for (User *U : llvm::make_early_inc_range(Alloca->users())) {
        CallInst *UserInst = cast<CallInst>(U);
        switch (GetBasicARCInstKind(UserInst)) {
        case ARCInstKind::InitWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::StoreWeak:
          // These functions return their second argument.
          UserInst->replaceAllUsesWith(UserInst->getArgOperand(1));
          break;
        case ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak:
          // No return value.
          break;
        default:
          llvm_unreachable("alloca really is used!");
        }
        UserInst->eraseFromParent();
      }
      Alloca->eraseFromParent();
    done:;
    }
  }
}
 
/// Identify program paths which execute sequences of retains and releases which
/// can be eliminated.
bool ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeSequences(Function &F) {
  // Releases, Retains - These are used to store the results of the main flow
  // analysis. These use Value* as the key instead of Instruction* so that the
  // map stays valid when we get around to rewriting code and calls get
  // replaced by arguments.
  DenseMap<Value *, RRInfo> Releases;
  BlotMapVector<Value *, RRInfo> Retains;
 
  // This is used during the traversal of the function to track the
  // states for each identified object at each block.
  DenseMap<const BasicBlock *, BBState> BBStates;
 
  // Analyze the CFG of the function, and all instructions.
  bool NestingDetected = Visit(F, BBStates, Retains, Releases);
 
  if (DisableRetainReleasePairing)
    return false;
 
  // Transform.
  bool AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated = PerformCodePlacement(BBStates, Retains,
                                                           Releases,
                                                           F.getParent());
 
  return AnyPairsCompletelyEliminated && NestingDetected;
}
 
/// Check if there is a dependent call earlier that does not have anything in
/// between the Retain and the call that can affect the reference count of their
/// shared pointer argument. Note that Retain need not be in BB.
static CallInst *HasSafePathToPredecessorCall(const Value *Arg,
                                              Instruction *Retain,
                                              ProvenanceAnalysis &PA) {
  auto *Call = dyn_cast_or_null<CallInst>(findSingleDependency(
      CanChangeRetainCount, Arg, Retain->getParent(), Retain, PA));
 
  // Check that the pointer is the return value of the call.
  if (!Call || Arg != Call)
    return nullptr;
 
  // Check that the call is a regular call.
  ARCInstKind Class = GetBasicARCInstKind(Call);
  return Class == ARCInstKind::CallOrUser || Class == ARCInstKind::Call
             ? Call
             : nullptr;
}
 
/// Find a dependent retain that precedes the given autorelease for which there
/// is nothing in between the two instructions that can affect the ref count of
/// Arg.
static CallInst *
FindPredecessorRetainWithSafePath(const Value *Arg, BasicBlock *BB,
                                  Instruction *Autorelease,
                                  ProvenanceAnalysis &PA) {
  auto *Retain = dyn_cast_or_null<CallInst>(
      findSingleDependency(CanChangeRetainCount, Arg, BB, Autorelease, PA));
 
  // Check that we found a retain with the same argument.
  if (!Retain || !IsRetain(GetBasicARCInstKind(Retain)) ||
      GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Retain) != Arg) {
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  return Retain;
}
 
/// Look for an ``autorelease'' instruction dependent on Arg such that there are
/// no instructions dependent on Arg that need a positive ref count in between
/// the autorelease and the ret.
static CallInst *FindPredecessorAutoreleaseWithSafePath(
    const Value *Arg, BasicBlock *BB, ReturnInst *Ret, ProvenanceAnalysis &PA) {
  auto *Autorelease = dyn_cast_or_null<CallInst>(
      findSingleDependency(NeedsPositiveRetainCount, Arg, BB, Ret, PA));
 
  if (!Autorelease)
    return nullptr;
  ARCInstKind AutoreleaseClass = GetBasicARCInstKind(Autorelease);
  if (!IsAutorelease(AutoreleaseClass))
    return nullptr;
  if (GetArgRCIdentityRoot(Autorelease) != Arg)
    return nullptr;
 
  return Autorelease;
}
 
/// Look for this pattern:
/// \code
///    %call = call i8* @something(...)
///    %2 = call i8* @objc_retain(i8* %call)
///    %3 = call i8* @objc_autorelease(i8* %2)
///    ret i8* %3
/// \endcode
/// And delete the retain and autorelease.
void ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeReturns(Function &F) {
  if (!F.getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
    return;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeReturns ==\n");
 
  for (BasicBlock &BB: F) {
    ReturnInst *Ret = dyn_cast<ReturnInst>(&BB.back());
    if (!Ret)
      continue;
 
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Visiting: " << *Ret << "\n");
 
    const Value *Arg = GetRCIdentityRoot(Ret->getOperand(0));
 
    // Look for an ``autorelease'' instruction that is a predecessor of Ret and
    // dependent on Arg such that there are no instructions dependent on Arg
    // that need a positive ref count in between the autorelease and Ret.
    CallInst *Autorelease =
        FindPredecessorAutoreleaseWithSafePath(Arg, &BB, Ret, PA);
 
    if (!Autorelease)
      continue;
 
    CallInst *Retain = FindPredecessorRetainWithSafePath(
        Arg, Autorelease->getParent(), Autorelease, PA);
 
    if (!Retain)
      continue;
 
    // Check that there is nothing that can affect the reference count
    // between the retain and the call.  Note that Retain need not be in BB.
    CallInst *Call = HasSafePathToPredecessorCall(Arg, Retain, PA);
 
    // Don't remove retainRV/autoreleaseRV pairs if the call isn't a tail call.
    if (!Call ||
        (!Call->isTailCall() &&
         GetBasicARCInstKind(Retain) == ARCInstKind::RetainRV &&
         GetBasicARCInstKind(Autorelease) == ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV))
      continue;
 
    // If so, we can zap the retain and autorelease.
    Changed = true;
    ++NumRets;
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Erasing: " << *Retain << "\nErasing: " << *Autorelease
                      << "\n");
    BundledInsts->eraseInst(Retain);
    EraseInstruction(Autorelease);
  }
}
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
void
ObjCARCOpt::GatherStatistics(Function &F, bool AfterOptimization) {
  Statistic &NumRetains =
      AfterOptimization ? NumRetainsAfterOpt : NumRetainsBeforeOpt;
  Statistic &NumReleases =
      AfterOptimization ? NumReleasesAfterOpt : NumReleasesBeforeOpt;
 
  for (inst_iterator I = inst_begin(&F), E = inst_end(&F); I != E; ) {
    Instruction *Inst = &*I++;
    switch (GetBasicARCInstKind(Inst)) {
    default:
      break;
    case ARCInstKind::Retain:
      ++NumRetains;
      break;
    case ARCInstKind::Release:
      ++NumReleases;
      break;
    }
  }
}
#endif
 
void ObjCARCOpt::init(Function &F) {
  if (!EnableARCOpts)
    return;
 
  // Intuitively, objc_retain and others are nocapture, however in practice
  // they are not, because they return their argument value. And objc_release
  // calls finalizers which can have arbitrary side effects.
  MDKindCache.init(F.getParent());
 
  // Initialize our runtime entry point cache.
  EP.init(F.getParent());
 
  // Compute which blocks are in which funclet.
  if (F.hasPersonalityFn() &&
      isScopedEHPersonality(classifyEHPersonality(F.getPersonalityFn())))
    BlockEHColors = colorEHFunclets(F);
}
 
bool ObjCARCOpt::run(Function &F, AAResults &AA) {
  if (!EnableARCOpts)
    return false;
 
  Changed = CFGChanged = false;
  BundledRetainClaimRVs BRV(EP, /*ContractPass=*/false, /*UseClaimRV=*/false);
  BundledInsts = &BRV;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "<<< ObjCARCOpt: Visiting Function: " << F.getName()
                    << " >>>"
                       "\n");
 
  std::pair<bool, bool> R = BundledInsts->insertAfterInvokes(F, nullptr);
  Changed |= R.first;
  CFGChanged |= R.second;
 
  PA.setAA(&AA);
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
  if (AreStatisticsEnabled()) {
    GatherStatistics(F, false);
  }
#endif
 
  // This pass performs several distinct transformations. As a compile-time aid
  // when compiling code that isn't ObjC, skip these if the relevant ObjC
  // library functions aren't declared.
 
  // Preliminary optimizations. This also computes UsedInThisFunction.
  OptimizeIndividualCalls(F);
 
  // Optimizations for weak pointers.
  if (UsedInThisFunction & ((1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::LoadWeak)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::StoreWeak)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::InitWeak)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::CopyWeak)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::MoveWeak)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak))))
    OptimizeWeakCalls(F);
 
  // Optimizations for retain+release pairs.
  if (UsedInThisFunction & ((1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::Retain)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::RetainRV)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::RetainBlock))))
    if (UsedInThisFunction & (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::Release)))
      // Run OptimizeSequences until it either stops making changes or
      // no retain+release pair nesting is detected.
      while (OptimizeSequences(F)) {}
 
  // Optimizations if objc_autorelease is used.
  if (UsedInThisFunction & ((1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::Autorelease)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV))))
    OptimizeReturns(F);
 
  // Optimizations for autorelease pools.
  if (UsedInThisFunction & ((1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPush)) |
                            (1 << unsigned(ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPop))))
    OptimizeAutoreleasePools(F);
 
  // Gather statistics after optimization.
#ifndef NDEBUG
  if (AreStatisticsEnabled()) {
    GatherStatistics(F, true);
  }
#endif
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n");
 
  return Changed;
}
 
/// Interprocedurally determine if calls made by the given call site can
/// possibly produce autoreleases.
bool MayAutorelease(const CallBase &CB, unsigned Depth = 0) {
  if (CB.onlyReadsMemory())
    return false;
 
  // This recursion depth limit is arbitrary. It's just great
  // enough to cover known interesting testcases.
  if (Depth > 5)
    return true;
 
  if (const Function *Callee = CB.getCalledFunction()) {
    if (!Callee->hasExactDefinition())
      return true;
    for (const BasicBlock &BB : *Callee) {
      for (const Instruction &I : BB) {
        // TODO: Ignore all instructions between autorelease pools
        ARCInstKind InstKind = GetBasicARCInstKind(&I);
        switch (InstKind) {
        case ARCInstKind::Autorelease:
        case ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV:
        case ARCInstKind::FusedRetainAutorelease:
        case ARCInstKind::FusedRetainAutoreleaseRV:
        case ARCInstKind::LoadWeak:
          // These may produce autoreleases
          return true;
 
        case ARCInstKind::Retain:
        case ARCInstKind::RetainRV:
        case ARCInstKind::UnsafeClaimRV:
        case ARCInstKind::RetainBlock:
        case ARCInstKind::Release:
        case ARCInstKind::NoopCast:
        case ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained:
        case ARCInstKind::StoreWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::InitWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::MoveWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::CopyWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak:
        case ARCInstKind::StoreStrong:
        case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPush:
        case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPop:
          // These ObjC runtime functions don't produce autoreleases
          break;
 
        case ARCInstKind::CallOrUser:
        case ARCInstKind::Call:
          // For non-ObjC function calls, recursively analyze
          if (MayAutorelease(cast<CallBase>(I), Depth + 1))
            return true;
          break;
 
        case ARCInstKind::IntrinsicUser:
        case ARCInstKind::User:
        case ARCInstKind::None:
          // These are not relevant for autorelease analysis
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
/// Optimize autorelease pools by eliminating empty push/pop pairs.
void ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeAutoreleasePools(Function &F) {
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== ObjCARCOpt::OptimizeAutoreleasePools ==\n");
 
  OptimizationRemarkEmitter ORE(&F);
 
  // Process each basic block independently.
  // TODO: Can we optimize inter-block autorelease pool pairs?
  // This would involve tracking autorelease pool state across blocks.
  for (BasicBlock &BB : F) {
    // Use a stack to track nested autorelease pools
    SmallVector<std::pair<CallInst *, bool>, 4>
        PoolStack; // {push_inst, has_autorelease_in_scope}
 
    for (Instruction &Inst : llvm::make_early_inc_range(BB)) {
      ARCInstKind Class = GetBasicARCInstKind(&Inst);
 
      switch (Class) {
      case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPush: {
        // Start tracking a new autorelease pool scope
        auto *Push = cast<CallInst>(&Inst);
        PoolStack.push_back(
            {Push, false}); // {push_inst, has_autorelease_in_scope}
        LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Found autorelease pool push: " << *Push << "\n");
        break;
      }
 
      case ARCInstKind::AutoreleasepoolPop: {
        auto *Pop = cast<CallInst>(&Inst);
 
        if (PoolStack.empty())
          break;
 
        auto &TopPool = PoolStack.back();
        CallInst *PendingPush = TopPool.first;
        bool HasAutoreleaseInScope = TopPool.second;
 
        // Pop the stack - remove this pool scope
        PoolStack.pop_back();
 
        // Bail if this pop doesn't match the pending push
        if (Pop->getArgOperand(0)->stripPointerCasts() != PendingPush)
          break;
 
        // Bail if there were autoreleases in this scope
        if (HasAutoreleaseInScope)
          break;
 
        // Optimize: eliminate this empty autorelease pool pair
        ORE.emit([&]() {
          return OptimizationRemark(DEBUG_TYPE, "AutoreleasePoolElimination",
                                    PendingPush)
                 << "eliminated empty autorelease pool pair";
        });
 
        // Replace all uses of push with poison before deletion
        PendingPush->replaceAllUsesWith(
            PoisonValue::get(PendingPush->getType()));
 
        Pop->eraseFromParent();
        PendingPush->eraseFromParent();
 
        Changed = true;
        ++NumNoops;
        break;
      }
      case ARCInstKind::CallOrUser:
      case ARCInstKind::Call:
        if (!MayAutorelease(cast<CallBase>(Inst)))
          break;
        [[fallthrough]];
      case ARCInstKind::Autorelease:
      case ARCInstKind::AutoreleaseRV:
      case ARCInstKind::FusedRetainAutorelease:
      case ARCInstKind::FusedRetainAutoreleaseRV:
      case ARCInstKind::LoadWeak: {
        // Track that we have autorelease calls in the current pool scope
        if (!PoolStack.empty()) {
          PoolStack.back().second = true; // Set has_autorelease_in_scope = true
          LLVM_DEBUG(
              dbgs()
              << "Found autorelease or potential autorelease in pool scope: "
              << Inst << "\n");
        }
        break;
      }
 
      // Enumerate all remaining ARCInstKind cases explicitly
      case ARCInstKind::Retain:
      case ARCInstKind::RetainRV:
      case ARCInstKind::UnsafeClaimRV:
      case ARCInstKind::RetainBlock:
      case ARCInstKind::Release:
      case ARCInstKind::NoopCast:
      case ARCInstKind::LoadWeakRetained:
      case ARCInstKind::StoreWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::InitWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::MoveWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::CopyWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::DestroyWeak:
      case ARCInstKind::StoreStrong:
      case ARCInstKind::IntrinsicUser:
      case ARCInstKind::User:
      case ARCInstKind::None:
        // These instruction kinds don't affect autorelease pool optimization
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}
 
/// @}
///
 
PreservedAnalyses ObjCARCOptPass::run(Function &F,
                                      FunctionAnalysisManager &AM) {
  ObjCARCOpt OCAO;
  OCAO.init(F);
 
  bool Changed = OCAO.run(F, AM.getResult<AAManager>(F));
  bool CFGChanged = OCAO.hasCFGChanged();
  if (Changed) {
    PreservedAnalyses PA;
    if (!CFGChanged)
      PA.preserveSet<CFGAnalyses>();
    return PA;
  }
  return PreservedAnalyses::all();
}