RegisterFile.cpp

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//===--------------------- RegisterFile.cpp ---------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// \file
///
/// This file defines a register mapping file class.  This class is responsible
/// for managing hardware register files and the tracking of data dependencies
/// between registers.
///
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/MCA/HardwareUnits/RegisterFile.h"
#include "llvm/MCA/Instruction.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"

#define DEBUG_TYPE "llvm-mca"

namespace llvm {
namespace mca {

RegisterFile::RegisterFile(const MCSchedModel &SM, const MCRegisterInfo &mri,
                           unsigned NumRegs)
    : MRI(mri),
      RegisterMappings(mri.getNumRegs(), {WriteRef(), RegisterRenamingInfo()}),
      ZeroRegisters(mri.getNumRegs(), false) {
  initialize(SM, NumRegs);
}

void RegisterFile::initialize(const MCSchedModel &SM, unsigned NumRegs) {
  // Create a default register file that "sees" all the machine registers
  // declared by the target. The number of physical registers in the default
  // register file is set equal to `NumRegs`. A value of zero for `NumRegs`
  // means: this register file has an unbounded number of physical registers.
  RegisterFiles.emplace_back(NumRegs);
  if (!SM.hasExtraProcessorInfo())
    return;

  // For each user defined register file, allocate a RegisterMappingTracker
  // object. The size of every register file, as well as the mapping between
  // register files and register classes is specified via tablegen.
  const MCExtraProcessorInfo &Info = SM.getExtraProcessorInfo();

  // Skip invalid register file at index 0.
  for (unsigned I = 1, E = Info.NumRegisterFiles; I < E; ++I) {
    const MCRegisterFileDesc &RF = Info.RegisterFiles[I];
    assert(RF.NumPhysRegs && "Invalid PRF with zero physical registers!");

    // The cost of a register definition is equivalent to the number of
    // physical registers that are allocated at register renaming stage.
    unsigned Length = RF.NumRegisterCostEntries;
    const MCRegisterCostEntry *FirstElt =
        &Info.RegisterCostTable[RF.RegisterCostEntryIdx];
    addRegisterFile(RF, ArrayRef<MCRegisterCostEntry>(FirstElt, Length));
  }
}

void RegisterFile::cycleStart() {
  for (RegisterMappingTracker &RMT : RegisterFiles)
    RMT.NumMoveEliminated = 0;
}

void RegisterFile::addRegisterFile(const MCRegisterFileDesc &RF,
                                   ArrayRef<MCRegisterCostEntry> Entries) {
  // A default register file is always allocated at index #0. That register file
  // is mainly used to count the total number of mappings created by all
  // register files at runtime. Users can limit the number of available physical
  // registers in register file #0 through the command line flag
  // `-register-file-size`.
  unsigned RegisterFileIndex = RegisterFiles.size();
  RegisterFiles.emplace_back(RF.NumPhysRegs, RF.MaxMovesEliminatedPerCycle,
                             RF.AllowZeroMoveEliminationOnly);

  // Special case where there is no register class identifier in the set.
  // An empty set of register classes means: this register file contains all
  // the physical registers specified by the target.
  // We optimistically assume that a register can be renamed at the cost of a
  // single physical register. The constructor of RegisterFile ensures that
  // a RegisterMapping exists for each logical register defined by the Target.
  if (Entries.empty())
    return;

  // Now update the cost of individual registers.
  for (const MCRegisterCostEntry &RCE : Entries) {
    const MCRegisterClass &RC = MRI.getRegClass(RCE.RegisterClassID);
    for (const MCPhysReg Reg : RC) {
      RegisterRenamingInfo &Entry = RegisterMappings[Reg].second;
      IndexPlusCostPairTy &IPC = Entry.IndexPlusCost;
      if (IPC.first && IPC.first != RegisterFileIndex) {
        // The only register file that is allowed to overlap is the default
        // register file at index #0. The analysis is inaccurate if register
        // files overlap.
        errs() << "warning: register " << MRI.getName(Reg)
               << " defined in multiple register files.";
      }
      IPC = std::make_pair(RegisterFileIndex, RCE.Cost);
      Entry.RenameAs = Reg;
      Entry.AllowMoveElimination = RCE.AllowMoveElimination;

      // Assume the same cost for each sub-register.
      for (MCSubRegIterator I(Reg, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I) {
        RegisterRenamingInfo &OtherEntry = RegisterMappings[*I].second;
        if (!OtherEntry.IndexPlusCost.first &&
            (!OtherEntry.RenameAs ||
             MRI.isSuperRegister(*I, OtherEntry.RenameAs))) {
          OtherEntry.IndexPlusCost = IPC;
          OtherEntry.RenameAs = Reg;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void RegisterFile::allocatePhysRegs(const RegisterRenamingInfo &Entry,
                                    MutableArrayRef<unsigned> UsedPhysRegs) {
  unsigned RegisterFileIndex = Entry.IndexPlusCost.first;
  unsigned Cost = Entry.IndexPlusCost.second;
  if (RegisterFileIndex) {
    RegisterMappingTracker &RMT = RegisterFiles[RegisterFileIndex];
    RMT.NumUsedPhysRegs += Cost;
    UsedPhysRegs[RegisterFileIndex] += Cost;
  }

  // Now update the default register mapping tracker.
  RegisterFiles[0].NumUsedPhysRegs += Cost;
  UsedPhysRegs[0] += Cost;
}

void RegisterFile::freePhysRegs(const RegisterRenamingInfo &Entry,
                                MutableArrayRef<unsigned> FreedPhysRegs) {
  unsigned RegisterFileIndex = Entry.IndexPlusCost.first;
  unsigned Cost = Entry.IndexPlusCost.second;
  if (RegisterFileIndex) {
    RegisterMappingTracker &RMT = RegisterFiles[RegisterFileIndex];
    RMT.NumUsedPhysRegs -= Cost;
    FreedPhysRegs[RegisterFileIndex] += Cost;
  }

  // Now update the default register mapping tracker.
  RegisterFiles[0].NumUsedPhysRegs -= Cost;
  FreedPhysRegs[0] += Cost;
}

void RegisterFile::addRegisterWrite(WriteRef Write,
                                    MutableArrayRef<unsigned> UsedPhysRegs) {
  WriteState &WS = *Write.getWriteState();
  MCPhysReg RegID = WS.getRegisterID();
  assert(RegID && "Adding an invalid register definition?");

  LLVM_DEBUG({
    dbgs() << "RegisterFile: addRegisterWrite [ " << Write.getSourceIndex()
           << ", " << MRI.getName(RegID) << "]\n";
  });

  // If RenameAs is equal to RegID, then RegID is subject to register renaming
  // and false dependencies on RegID are all eliminated.

  // If RenameAs references the invalid register, then we optimistically assume
  // that it can be renamed. In the absence of tablegen descriptors for register
  // files, RenameAs is always set to the invalid register ID.  In all other
  // cases, RenameAs must be either equal to RegID, or it must reference a
  // super-register of RegID.

  // If RenameAs is a super-register of RegID, then a write to RegID has always
  // a false dependency on RenameAs. The only exception is for when the write
  // implicitly clears the upper portion of the underlying register.
  // If a write clears its super-registers, then it is renamed as `RenameAs`.
  bool IsWriteZero = WS.isWriteZero();
  bool IsEliminated = WS.isEliminated();
  bool ShouldAllocatePhysRegs = !IsWriteZero && !IsEliminated;
  const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRI = RegisterMappings[RegID].second;
  WS.setPRF(RRI.IndexPlusCost.first);

  if (RRI.RenameAs && RRI.RenameAs != RegID) {
    RegID = RRI.RenameAs;
    WriteRef &OtherWrite = RegisterMappings[RegID].first;

    if (!WS.clearsSuperRegisters()) {
      // The processor keeps the definition of `RegID` together with register
      // `RenameAs`. Since this partial write is not renamed, no physical
      // register is allocated.
      ShouldAllocatePhysRegs = false;

      WriteState *OtherWS = OtherWrite.getWriteState();
      if (OtherWS && (OtherWrite.getSourceIndex() != Write.getSourceIndex())) {
        // This partial write has a false dependency on RenameAs.
        assert(!IsEliminated && "Unexpected partial update!");
        OtherWS->addUser(OtherWrite.getSourceIndex(), &WS);
      }
    }
  }

  // Update zero registers.
  MCPhysReg ZeroRegisterID =
      WS.clearsSuperRegisters() ? RegID : WS.getRegisterID();
  if (IsWriteZero) {
    ZeroRegisters.setBit(ZeroRegisterID);
    for (MCSubRegIterator I(ZeroRegisterID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I)
      ZeroRegisters.setBit(*I);
  } else {
    ZeroRegisters.clearBit(ZeroRegisterID);
    for (MCSubRegIterator I(ZeroRegisterID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I)
      ZeroRegisters.clearBit(*I);
  }

  // If this is move has been eliminated, then the call to tryEliminateMove
  // should have already updated all the register mappings.
  if (!IsEliminated) {
    // Update the mapping for register RegID including its sub-registers.
    RegisterMappings[RegID].first = Write;
    RegisterMappings[RegID].second.AliasRegID = 0U;
    for (MCSubRegIterator I(RegID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I) {
      RegisterMappings[*I].first = Write;
      RegisterMappings[*I].second.AliasRegID = 0U;
    }

    // No physical registers are allocated for instructions that are optimized
    // in hardware. For example, zero-latency data-dependency breaking
    // instructions don't consume physical registers.
    if (ShouldAllocatePhysRegs)
      allocatePhysRegs(RegisterMappings[RegID].second, UsedPhysRegs);
  }

  if (!WS.clearsSuperRegisters())
    return;

  for (MCSuperRegIterator I(RegID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I) {
    if (!IsEliminated) {
      RegisterMappings[*I].first = Write;
      RegisterMappings[*I].second.AliasRegID = 0U;
    }

    if (IsWriteZero)
      ZeroRegisters.setBit(*I);
    else
      ZeroRegisters.clearBit(*I);
  }
}

void RegisterFile::removeRegisterWrite(
    const WriteState &WS, MutableArrayRef<unsigned> FreedPhysRegs) {
  // Early exit if this write was eliminated. A write eliminated at register
  // renaming stage generates an alias, and it is not added to the PRF.
  if (WS.isEliminated())
    return;

  MCPhysReg RegID = WS.getRegisterID();

  assert(RegID != 0 && "Invalidating an already invalid register?");
  assert(WS.getCyclesLeft() != UNKNOWN_CYCLES &&
         "Invalidating a write of unknown cycles!");
  assert(WS.getCyclesLeft() <= 0 && "Invalid cycles left for this write!");

  bool ShouldFreePhysRegs = !WS.isWriteZero();
  MCPhysReg RenameAs = RegisterMappings[RegID].second.RenameAs;
  if (RenameAs && RenameAs != RegID) {
    RegID = RenameAs;

    if (!WS.clearsSuperRegisters()) {
      // Keep the definition of `RegID` together with register `RenameAs`.
      ShouldFreePhysRegs = false;
    }
  }

  if (ShouldFreePhysRegs)
    freePhysRegs(RegisterMappings[RegID].second, FreedPhysRegs);

  WriteRef &WR = RegisterMappings[RegID].first;
  if (WR.getWriteState() == &WS)
    WR.invalidate();

  for (MCSubRegIterator I(RegID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I) {
    WriteRef &OtherWR = RegisterMappings[*I].first;
    if (OtherWR.getWriteState() == &WS)
      OtherWR.invalidate();
  }

  if (!WS.clearsSuperRegisters())
    return;

  for (MCSuperRegIterator I(RegID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I) {
    WriteRef &OtherWR = RegisterMappings[*I].first;
    if (OtherWR.getWriteState() == &WS)
      OtherWR.invalidate();
  }
}

bool RegisterFile::tryEliminateMove(WriteState &WS, ReadState &RS) {
  const RegisterMapping &RMFrom = RegisterMappings[RS.getRegisterID()];
  const RegisterMapping &RMTo = RegisterMappings[WS.getRegisterID()];

  // From and To must be owned by the same PRF.
  const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRIFrom = RMFrom.second;
  const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRITo = RMTo.second;
  unsigned RegisterFileIndex = RRIFrom.IndexPlusCost.first;
  if (RegisterFileIndex != RRITo.IndexPlusCost.first)
    return false;

  // We only allow move elimination for writes that update a full physical
  // register. On X86, move elimination is possible with 32-bit general purpose
  // registers because writes to those registers are not partial writes.  If a
  // register move is a partial write, then we conservatively assume that move
  // elimination fails, since it would either trigger a partial update, or the
  // issue of a merge opcode.
  //
  // Note that this constraint may be lifted in future.  For example, we could
  // make this model more flexible, and let users customize the set of registers
  // (i.e. register classes) that allow move elimination.
  //
  // For now, we assume that there is a strong correlation between registers
  // that allow move elimination, and how those same registers are renamed in
  // hardware.
  if (RRITo.RenameAs && RRITo.RenameAs != WS.getRegisterID()) {
    // Early exit if the PRF doesn't support move elimination for this register.
    if (!RegisterMappings[RRITo.RenameAs].second.AllowMoveElimination)
      return false;
    if (!WS.clearsSuperRegisters())
      return false;
  }

  RegisterMappingTracker &RMT = RegisterFiles[RegisterFileIndex];
  if (RMT.MaxMoveEliminatedPerCycle &&
      RMT.NumMoveEliminated == RMT.MaxMoveEliminatedPerCycle)
    return false;

  bool IsZeroMove = ZeroRegisters[RS.getRegisterID()];
  if (RMT.AllowZeroMoveEliminationOnly && !IsZeroMove)
    return false;

  // Construct an alias.
  MCPhysReg AliasedReg =
      RRIFrom.RenameAs ? RRIFrom.RenameAs : RS.getRegisterID();
  MCPhysReg AliasReg = RRITo.RenameAs ? RRITo.RenameAs : WS.getRegisterID();

  const RegisterRenamingInfo &RMAlias = RegisterMappings[AliasedReg].second;
  if (RMAlias.AliasRegID)
    AliasedReg = RMAlias.AliasRegID;

  RegisterMappings[AliasReg].second.AliasRegID = AliasedReg;
  for (MCSubRegIterator I(AliasReg, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I)
    RegisterMappings[*I].second.AliasRegID = AliasedReg;

  if (IsZeroMove) {
    WS.setWriteZero();
    RS.setReadZero();
  }
  WS.setEliminated();
  RMT.NumMoveEliminated++;

  return true;
}

void RegisterFile::collectWrites(const ReadState &RS,
                                 SmallVectorImpl<WriteRef> &Writes) const {
  MCPhysReg RegID = RS.getRegisterID();
  assert(RegID && RegID < RegisterMappings.size());
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "RegisterFile: collecting writes for register "
                    << MRI.getName(RegID) << '\n');

  // Check if this is an alias.
  const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRI = RegisterMappings[RegID].second;
  if (RRI.AliasRegID)
    RegID = RRI.AliasRegID;

  const WriteRef &WR = RegisterMappings[RegID].first;
  if (WR.isValid())
    Writes.push_back(WR);

  // Handle potential partial register updates.
  for (MCSubRegIterator I(RegID, &MRI); I.isValid(); ++I) {
    const WriteRef &WR = RegisterMappings[*I].first;
    if (WR.isValid())
      Writes.push_back(WR);
  }

  // Remove duplicate entries and resize the input vector.
  if (Writes.size() > 1) {
    sort(Writes, [](const WriteRef &Lhs, const WriteRef &Rhs) {
      return Lhs.getWriteState() < Rhs.getWriteState();
    });
    auto It = std::unique(Writes.begin(), Writes.end());
    Writes.resize(std::distance(Writes.begin(), It));
  }

  LLVM_DEBUG({
    for (const WriteRef &WR : Writes) {
      const WriteState &WS = *WR.getWriteState();
      dbgs() << "[PRF] Found a dependent use of Register "
             << MRI.getName(WS.getRegisterID()) << " (defined by instruction #"
             << WR.getSourceIndex() << ")\n";
    }
  });
}

void RegisterFile::addRegisterRead(ReadState &RS,
                                   const MCSubtargetInfo &STI) const {
  MCPhysReg RegID = RS.getRegisterID();
  const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRI = RegisterMappings[RegID].second;
  RS.setPRF(RRI.IndexPlusCost.first);
  if (RS.isIndependentFromDef())
    return;

  if (ZeroRegisters[RS.getRegisterID()])
    RS.setReadZero();

  SmallVector<WriteRef, 4> DependentWrites;
  collectWrites(RS, DependentWrites);
  RS.setDependentWrites(DependentWrites.size());

  // We know that this read depends on all the writes in DependentWrites.
  // For each write, check if we have ReadAdvance information, and use it
  // to figure out in how many cycles this read becomes available.
  const ReadDescriptor &RD = RS.getDescriptor();
  const MCSchedModel &SM = STI.getSchedModel();
  const MCSchedClassDesc *SC = SM.getSchedClassDesc(RD.SchedClassID);
  for (WriteRef &WR : DependentWrites) {
    WriteState &WS = *WR.getWriteState();
    unsigned WriteResID = WS.getWriteResourceID();
    int ReadAdvance = STI.getReadAdvanceCycles(SC, RD.UseIndex, WriteResID);
    WS.addUser(WR.getSourceIndex(), &RS, ReadAdvance);
  }
}

unsigned RegisterFile::isAvailable(ArrayRef<MCPhysReg> Regs) const {
  SmallVector<unsigned, 4> NumPhysRegs(getNumRegisterFiles());

  // Find how many new mappings must be created for each register file.
  for (const MCPhysReg RegID : Regs) {
    const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRI = RegisterMappings[RegID].second;
    const IndexPlusCostPairTy &Entry = RRI.IndexPlusCost;
    if (Entry.first)
      NumPhysRegs[Entry.first] += Entry.second;
    NumPhysRegs[0] += Entry.second;
  }

  unsigned Response = 0;
  for (unsigned I = 0, E = getNumRegisterFiles(); I < E; ++I) {
    unsigned NumRegs = NumPhysRegs[I];
    if (!NumRegs)
      continue;

    const RegisterMappingTracker &RMT = RegisterFiles[I];
    if (!RMT.NumPhysRegs) {
      // The register file has an unbounded number of microarchitectural
      // registers.
      continue;
    }

    if (RMT.NumPhysRegs < NumRegs) {
      // The current register file is too small. This may occur if the number of
      // microarchitectural registers in register file #0 was changed by the
      // users via flag -reg-file-size. Alternatively, the scheduling model
      // specified a too small number of registers for this register file.
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Not enough registers in the register file.\n");

      // FIXME: Normalize the instruction register count to match the
      // NumPhysRegs value.  This is a highly unusual case, and is not expected
      // to occur.  This normalization is hiding an inconsistency in either the
      // scheduling model or in the value that the user might have specified
      // for NumPhysRegs.
      NumRegs = RMT.NumPhysRegs;
    }

    if (RMT.NumPhysRegs < (RMT.NumUsedPhysRegs + NumRegs))
      Response |= (1U << I);
  }

  return Response;
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
void RegisterFile::dump() const {
  for (unsigned I = 0, E = MRI.getNumRegs(); I < E; ++I) {
    const RegisterMapping &RM = RegisterMappings[I];
    const RegisterRenamingInfo &RRI = RM.second;
    if (ZeroRegisters[I]) {
      dbgs() << MRI.getName(I) << ", " << I
             << ", PRF=" << RRI.IndexPlusCost.first
             << ", Cost=" << RRI.IndexPlusCost.second
             << ", RenameAs=" << RRI.RenameAs << ", IsZero=" << ZeroRegisters[I]
             << ",";
      RM.first.dump();
      dbgs() << '\n';
    }
  }

  for (unsigned I = 0, E = getNumRegisterFiles(); I < E; ++I) {
    dbgs() << "Register File #" << I;
    const RegisterMappingTracker &RMT = RegisterFiles[I];
    dbgs() << "\n  TotalMappings:        " << RMT.NumPhysRegs
           << "\n  NumUsedMappings:      " << RMT.NumUsedPhysRegs << '\n';
  }
}
#endif

} // namespace mca
} // namespace llvm