IndirectCallPromotion.cpp

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//===- IndirectCallPromotion.cpp - Optimizations based on value profiling -===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements the transformation that promotes indirect calls to
// conditional direct calls when the indirect-call value profile metadata is
// available.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/IndirectCallPromotionAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/IndirectCallVisitor.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ProfileSummaryInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DiagnosticInfo.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/MDBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/ProfDataUtils.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
#include "llvm/ProfileData/InstrProf.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Instrumentation/PGOInstrumentation.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/CallPromotionUtils.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
using namespace llvm;
 
#define DEBUG_TYPE "pgo-icall-prom"
 
STATISTIC(NumOfPGOICallPromotion, "Number of indirect call promotions.");
STATISTIC(NumOfPGOICallsites, "Number of indirect call candidate sites.");
 
// Command line option to disable indirect-call promotion with the default as
// false. This is for debug purpose.
static cl::opt<bool> DisableICP("disable-icp", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                                cl::desc("Disable indirect call promotion"));
 
// Set the cutoff value for the promotion. If the value is other than 0, we
// stop the transformation once the total number of promotions equals the cutoff
// value.
// For debug use only.
static cl::opt<unsigned>
    ICPCutOff("icp-cutoff", cl::init(0), cl::Hidden,
              cl::desc("Max number of promotions for this compilation"));
 
// If ICPCSSkip is non zero, the first ICPCSSkip callsites will be skipped.
// For debug use only.
static cl::opt<unsigned>
    ICPCSSkip("icp-csskip", cl::init(0), cl::Hidden,
              cl::desc("Skip Callsite up to this number for this compilation"));
 
// Set if the pass is called in LTO optimization. The difference for LTO mode
// is the pass won't prefix the source module name to the internal linkage
// symbols.
static cl::opt<bool> ICPLTOMode("icp-lto", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                                cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion in LTO "
                                         "mode"));
 
// Set if the pass is called in SamplePGO mode. The difference for SamplePGO
// mode is it will add prof metadatato the created direct call.
static cl::opt<bool>
    ICPSamplePGOMode("icp-samplepgo", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                     cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion in SamplePGO mode"));
 
// If the option is set to true, only call instructions will be considered for
// transformation -- invoke instructions will be ignored.
static cl::opt<bool>
    ICPCallOnly("icp-call-only", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion for call instructions "
                         "only"));
 
// If the option is set to true, only invoke instructions will be considered for
// transformation -- call instructions will be ignored.
static cl::opt<bool> ICPInvokeOnly("icp-invoke-only", cl::init(false),
                                   cl::Hidden,
                                   cl::desc("Run indirect-call promotion for "
                                            "invoke instruction only"));
 
// Dump the function level IR if the transformation happened in this
// function. For debug use only.
static cl::opt<bool>
    ICPDUMPAFTER("icp-dumpafter", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
                 cl::desc("Dump IR after transformation happens"));
 
namespace {
 
// Promote indirect calls to conditional direct calls, keeping track of
// thresholds.
class IndirectCallPromoter {
private:
  Function &F;
 
  // Symtab that maps indirect call profile values to function names and
  // defines.
  InstrProfSymtab *const Symtab;
 
  const bool SamplePGO;
 
  OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE;
 
  // A struct that records the direct target and it's call count.
  struct PromotionCandidate {
    Function *const TargetFunction;
    const uint64_t Count;
 
    PromotionCandidate(Function *F, uint64_t C) : TargetFunction(F), Count(C) {}
  };
 
  // Check if the indirect-call call site should be promoted. Return the number
  // of promotions. Inst is the candidate indirect call, ValueDataRef
  // contains the array of value profile data for profiled targets,
  // TotalCount is the total profiled count of call executions, and
  // NumCandidates is the number of candidate entries in ValueDataRef.
  std::vector<PromotionCandidate> getPromotionCandidatesForCallSite(
      const CallBase &CB, ArrayRef<InstrProfValueData> ValueDataRef,
      uint64_t TotalCount, uint32_t NumCandidates);
 
  // Promote a list of targets for one indirect-call callsite by comparing
  // indirect callee with functions. Returns true if there are IR
  // transformations and false otherwise.
  bool tryToPromoteWithFuncCmp(CallBase &CB,
                               ArrayRef<PromotionCandidate> Candidates,
                               uint64_t TotalCount,
                               ArrayRef<InstrProfValueData> ICallProfDataRef,
                               uint32_t NumCandidates);
 
public:
  IndirectCallPromoter(Function &Func, InstrProfSymtab *Symtab, bool SamplePGO,
                       OptimizationRemarkEmitter &ORE)
      : F(Func), Symtab(Symtab), SamplePGO(SamplePGO), ORE(ORE) {}
  IndirectCallPromoter(const IndirectCallPromoter &) = delete;
  IndirectCallPromoter &operator=(const IndirectCallPromoter &) = delete;
 
  bool processFunction(ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI);
};
 
} // end anonymous namespace
 
// Indirect-call promotion heuristic. The direct targets are sorted based on
// the count. Stop at the first target that is not promoted.
std::vector<IndirectCallPromoter::PromotionCandidate>
IndirectCallPromoter::getPromotionCandidatesForCallSite(
    const CallBase &CB, ArrayRef<InstrProfValueData> ValueDataRef,
    uint64_t TotalCount, uint32_t NumCandidates) {
  std::vector<PromotionCandidate> Ret;
 
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " \nWork on callsite #" << NumOfPGOICallsites << CB
                    << " Num_targets: " << ValueDataRef.size()
                    << " Num_candidates: " << NumCandidates << "\n");
  NumOfPGOICallsites++;
  if (ICPCSSkip != 0 && NumOfPGOICallsites <= ICPCSSkip) {
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Skip: User options.\n");
    return Ret;
  }
 
  for (uint32_t I = 0; I < NumCandidates; I++) {
    uint64_t Count = ValueDataRef[I].Count;
    assert(Count <= TotalCount);
    (void)TotalCount;
    uint64_t Target = ValueDataRef[I].Value;
    LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Candidate " << I << " Count=" << Count
                      << "  Target_func: " << Target << "\n");
 
    if (ICPInvokeOnly && isa<CallInst>(CB)) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: User options.\n");
      ORE.emit([&]() {
        return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UserOptions", &CB)
               << " Not promote: User options";
      });
      break;
    }
    if (ICPCallOnly && isa<InvokeInst>(CB)) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: User option.\n");
      ORE.emit([&]() {
        return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UserOptions", &CB)
               << " Not promote: User options";
      });
      break;
    }
    if (ICPCutOff != 0 && NumOfPGOICallPromotion >= ICPCutOff) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: Cutoff reached.\n");
      ORE.emit([&]() {
        return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "CutOffReached", &CB)
               << " Not promote: Cutoff reached";
      });
      break;
    }
 
    // Don't promote if the symbol is not defined in the module. This avoids
    // creating a reference to a symbol that doesn't exist in the module
    // This can happen when we compile with a sample profile collected from
    // one binary but used for another, which may have profiled targets that
    // aren't used in the new binary. We might have a declaration initially in
    // the case where the symbol is globally dead in the binary and removed by
    // ThinLTO.
    Function *TargetFunction = Symtab->getFunction(Target);
    if (TargetFunction == nullptr || TargetFunction->isDeclaration()) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Not promote: Cannot find the target\n");
      ORE.emit([&]() {
        return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UnableToFindTarget", &CB)
               << "Cannot promote indirect call: target with md5sum "
               << ore::NV("target md5sum", Target) << " not found";
      });
      break;
    }
 
    const char *Reason = nullptr;
    if (!isLegalToPromote(CB, TargetFunction, &Reason)) {
      using namespace ore;
 
      ORE.emit([&]() {
        return OptimizationRemarkMissed(DEBUG_TYPE, "UnableToPromote", &CB)
               << "Cannot promote indirect call to "
               << NV("TargetFunction", TargetFunction) << " with count of "
               << NV("Count", Count) << ": " << Reason;
      });
      break;
    }
 
    Ret.push_back(PromotionCandidate(TargetFunction, Count));
    TotalCount -= Count;
  }
  return Ret;
}
 
CallBase &llvm::pgo::promoteIndirectCall(CallBase &CB, Function *DirectCallee,
                                         uint64_t Count, uint64_t TotalCount,
                                         bool AttachProfToDirectCall,
                                         OptimizationRemarkEmitter *ORE) {
 
  uint64_t ElseCount = TotalCount - Count;
  uint64_t MaxCount = (Count >= ElseCount ? Count : ElseCount);
  uint64_t Scale = calculateCountScale(MaxCount);
  MDBuilder MDB(CB.getContext());
  MDNode *BranchWeights = MDB.createBranchWeights(
      scaleBranchCount(Count, Scale), scaleBranchCount(ElseCount, Scale));
 
  CallBase &NewInst =
      promoteCallWithIfThenElse(CB, DirectCallee, BranchWeights);
 
  if (AttachProfToDirectCall) {
    setBranchWeights(NewInst, {static_cast<uint32_t>(Count)},
                     /*IsExpected=*/false);
  }
 
  using namespace ore;
 
  if (ORE)
    ORE->emit([&]() {
      return OptimizationRemark(DEBUG_TYPE, "Promoted", &CB)
             << "Promote indirect call to " << NV("DirectCallee", DirectCallee)
             << " with count " << NV("Count", Count) << " out of "
             << NV("TotalCount", TotalCount);
    });
  return NewInst;
}
 
// Promote indirect-call to conditional direct-call for one callsite.
bool IndirectCallPromoter::tryToPromoteWithFuncCmp(
    CallBase &CB, ArrayRef<PromotionCandidate> Candidates, uint64_t TotalCount,
    ArrayRef<InstrProfValueData> ICallProfDataRef, uint32_t NumCandidates) {
  uint32_t NumPromoted = 0;
 
  for (const auto &C : Candidates) {
    uint64_t Count = C.Count;
    pgo::promoteIndirectCall(CB, C.TargetFunction, Count, TotalCount, SamplePGO,
                             &ORE);
    assert(TotalCount >= Count);
    TotalCount -= Count;
    NumOfPGOICallPromotion++;
    NumPromoted++;
  }
 
  if (NumPromoted == 0)
    return false;
 
  // Adjust the MD.prof metadata. First delete the old one.
  CB.setMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_prof, nullptr);
 
  assert(NumPromoted <= ICallProfDataRef.size() &&
         "Number of promoted functions should not be greater than the number "
         "of values in profile metadata");
  // Annotate the remaining value profiles if counter is not zero.
  if (TotalCount != 0)
    annotateValueSite(*F.getParent(), CB, ICallProfDataRef.slice(NumPromoted),
                      TotalCount, IPVK_IndirectCallTarget, NumCandidates);
 
  return true;
}
 
// Traverse all the indirect-call callsite and get the value profile
// annotation to perform indirect-call promotion.
bool IndirectCallPromoter::processFunction(ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI) {
  bool Changed = false;
  ICallPromotionAnalysis ICallAnalysis;
  for (auto *CB : findIndirectCalls(F)) {
    uint32_t NumCandidates;
    uint64_t TotalCount;
    auto ICallProfDataRef = ICallAnalysis.getPromotionCandidatesForInstruction(
        CB, TotalCount, NumCandidates);
    if (!NumCandidates ||
        (PSI && PSI->hasProfileSummary() && !PSI->isHotCount(TotalCount)))
      continue;
    auto PromotionCandidates = getPromotionCandidatesForCallSite(
        *CB, ICallProfDataRef, TotalCount, NumCandidates);
    Changed |= tryToPromoteWithFuncCmp(*CB, PromotionCandidates, TotalCount,
                                       ICallProfDataRef, NumCandidates);
  }
  return Changed;
}
 
// A wrapper function that does the actual work.
static bool promoteIndirectCalls(Module &M, ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI, bool InLTO,
                                 bool SamplePGO, ModuleAnalysisManager &MAM) {
  if (DisableICP)
    return false;
  InstrProfSymtab Symtab;
  if (Error E = Symtab.create(M, InLTO)) {
    std::string SymtabFailure = toString(std::move(E));
    M.getContext().emitError("Failed to create symtab: " + SymtabFailure);
    return false;
  }
  bool Changed = false;
  for (auto &F : M) {
    if (F.isDeclaration() || F.hasOptNone())
      continue;
 
    auto &FAM =
        MAM.getResult<FunctionAnalysisManagerModuleProxy>(M).getManager();
    auto &ORE = FAM.getResult<OptimizationRemarkEmitterAnalysis>(F);
 
    IndirectCallPromoter CallPromoter(F, &Symtab, SamplePGO, ORE);
    bool FuncChanged = CallPromoter.processFunction(PSI);
    if (ICPDUMPAFTER && FuncChanged) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n== IR Dump After =="; F.print(dbgs()));
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n");
    }
    Changed |= FuncChanged;
    if (ICPCutOff != 0 && NumOfPGOICallPromotion >= ICPCutOff) {
      LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Stop: Cutoff reached.\n");
      break;
    }
  }
  return Changed;
}
 
PreservedAnalyses PGOIndirectCallPromotion::run(Module &M,
                                                ModuleAnalysisManager &MAM) {
  ProfileSummaryInfo *PSI = &MAM.getResult<ProfileSummaryAnalysis>(M);
 
  if (!promoteIndirectCalls(M, PSI, InLTO | ICPLTOMode,
                            SamplePGO | ICPSamplePGOMode, MAM))
    return PreservedAnalyses::all();
 
  return PreservedAnalyses::none();
}